梅爾茨稱反猶太主義升溫使德國面臨歷史性考驗

柏林，11月9日（路透）—— 德國總理梅爾茨（Friedrich Merz）週一表示，德國正面臨考驗，檢驗其保護猶太社群承諾的決心；他同時譴責幼兒園和猶太會堂必須由防彈玻璃及武裝警察保護的「駭人景象」。BERLIN, Nov 9 (Reuters) - Chancellor Friedrich Merz said on Monday that Germany faced a test of its commitment to protecting its Jewish community as he decried the "horrifying sight" of kindergartens and synagogues protected by bulletproof glass and armed police.

梅爾茨在慕尼黑一座猶太會堂發表談話時表示，反猶太主義已變得「無所不在」。當天是1938年「水晶之夜」迫害暴動週年；這場暴動預示著納粹大屠殺，後者最終屠殺逾600萬名歐洲猶太人。Speaking at a Munich synagogue on the anniversary of the "Kristallnacht" pogrom in 1938, which foreshadowed the Nazi Holocaust that would eventually slaughter more than 6 million European Jews, Merz said antisemitism had become "omnipresent".

他說：「我們在街頭、在我們的城鎮、在歐洲鄰國和世界各地的城鎮，在議會、社團和學校，都看得見、聽得見這種反猶太主義。」"We see and hear it on our streets, in our towns and cities, in the towns and cities of our European neighbours and around the world, in parliaments, in clubs and in schools," he said.

他說：「因此，現在正是我們經常掛在嘴邊的『絕不重演』面臨檢驗的時刻。」"And that is why this is now the moment of truth for the 'Never again' that we utter so often," he said.

他表示，政府將盡一切所能保護德國境內外猶太人的生活，並重申德國長期支持以色列的立場。他說，這「是我們歷史責任的一部分」。He said his government would do everything in its power to protect Jewish life in Germany and abroad, and restated Germany's longstanding support for Israel, which he said "is part of our historical responsibility".

過去幾年，梅爾茨的兩位總理前任梅克爾（Angela Merkel）與蕭茲（Olaf Scholz）也曾作出類似承諾，承諾保護德國的猶太人生活與機構，並打擊反猶太主義。In previous years, Merz's two predecessors as chancellor, Angela Merkel and Olaf Scholz, made similar commitments to protect Jewish life and institutions in Germany and to combat antisemitism.

根據監測組織RIAS最新年度報告，自2023年加薩戰爭爆發以來，反猶太事件一直以「驚人規模」發生；去年通報達8,725起，是2022年的三倍多，約每天24起。According to the most recent annual report from RIAS, a monitoring group, antisemitic incidents have been occurring on a "dramatic scale" since the start of the Gaza war in 2023, with 8,725 reported last year — more than three times the number in 2022, or around 24 every day.

巴勒斯坦當局表示，以色列在加薩發動的攻勢已造成逾7萬4000人死亡；這場攻勢是在哈瑪斯主導的武裝人員於2023年10月7日在以色列南部殺害約1,200人後展開。Palestinian authorities say more than 74,000 people have been killed in Israel's assault on Gaza, launched after Hamas-led fighters killed about 1,200 people in southern Israel on October 7, 2023.

巴伐利亞邦議會議長伊爾澤・艾格納（Ilse Aigner）當天稍早獲梅爾茨提名為保守派人選，角逐成為德國首位女性國家元首。她表示，許多在德國的猶太人感受到的不安全感，是「我們國家的恥辱」。Ilse Aigner, the Bavarian parliament speaker nominated earlier in the day by Merz as the conservatives' candidate to become Germany's first female head of state, said the insecurity felt by many Jews in Germany was "a disgrace for our country".

「水晶之夜」（Kristallnacht），又稱「碎玻璃之夜」，是一波針對猶太人的殺害，以及對其財產的掠奪與毀壞，始於1938年11月9日。這個名稱指的是散落在猶太會堂以及猶太商店與住宅外街道上的碎玻璃。"Kristallnacht", or the "Night of Broken Glass", was a wave of killings of Jews and looting and destruction of their property that began on November 9, 1938. The name refers to the broken glass that littered streets outside synagogues and Jewish shops and homes.

（James Mackenzie報導；Hugh Lawson與Kevin Liffey編輯）(Reporting by James Mackenzie; Editing by Hugh Lawson and Kevin Liffey)