獨家：歐盟報告稱，俄羅斯祕密網路在社群媒體上利用法國騷亂

作者：Antoni Slodkowski、John IrishBy Antoni Slodkowski and John Irish

紐約/巴黎，11月9日（路透社）——路透社看到的一份歐盟內部評估顯示，一個俄羅斯祕密運作的網路組織試圖利用上個月法國的騷亂，在社群媒體上將動亂歸咎於失控的移民，並把法國政府描繪成已經失去控制。NEW YORK/PARIS, Nov 9 (Reuters) - A covert Russian network sought to exploit last month's riots in France by using social media to blame the unrest on uncontrolled immigration and portray the government as having lost control, according to an internal EU assessment seen by Reuters.

路透社也看到另一份由法國外交部彙整的內部評估，其中發現與以色列以及美國MAGA運動有關的社群媒體帳號，也圍繞這些騷亂推動「敵意敘事」，將其與激進伊斯蘭主義和移民連結起來。A separate internal assessment, compiled by France's foreign ministry and also seen by Reuters, found that social media accounts linked to Israel and to the US MAGA movement also pushed "hostile narratives" around the riots, linking them to radical Islamism and migration.

歐洲假訊息專家分析指出，綜合來看，這些評估讓外界得以一窺外部行為者如何為自身政治目的，試圖利用法國國內動盪。Taken together, the assessments offer an insight into how external actors have been trying to use France's domestic turmoil for their own political ends, according to analysis by European disinformation specialists.

歐盟分析發現，一個名為「過載行動」（Operation Overload）的俄羅斯祕密網路散布冒充西方媒體機構的影片，以法國受眾為目標，其中一些影片不實聲稱移民強暴了抗議者，或恐怖攻擊迫在眉睫。The European Union analysis found that a covert Russian network known as "Operation Overload" spread videos impersonating Western media outlets to target French audiences, some falsely claiming migrants had raped protesters or terrorist attacks were imminent.

俄羅斯外交部未回應採訪請求。今年8月，外交部發言人瑪麗亞・扎哈羅娃（Maria Zakharova）駁斥法國國家監督機構有關俄方散布法國2027年選舉假訊息的指控，並表示那些指控「不會是當局用來操弄民意的最後一項捏造說法」。The Russian foreign ministry did not respond to a request for comment. In August, ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova rejected allegations by a French state watchdog agency of spreading disinformation about France's 2027 elections and said they would "not be the last concoction which the authorities will use to manipulate public opinion".

上個月，法國各城市爆發騷亂。當時反對生活成本上升與公共服務下滑的示威在部分地區失控，演變為法國數十年來所見最嚴重的暴力事件之一。Rioting erupted in cities across France last month as demonstrations against rising living costs and declining public services spiralled out of control in some of the worst violence the country has witnessed for decades.

歐盟分析涵蓋10月7日至21日期間，發現俄羅斯試圖「將法國領導層形容成軟弱無能，且越來越專制」。The EU analysis, which covers the period from October 7 to 21, found that Russia sought to "depict the French leadership as weak and increasingly authoritarian".

這份由歐盟外交部門假訊息專家編寫、限制流通的歐盟文件表示：「這類事件提供機會，可用來削弱各國政府、煽動恐懼與分裂，並在選舉前塑造公眾觀感。」“Such events offer opportunities to undermine national governments, fuel fear and division, and shape public perceptions ahead of elections,” said the restricted-circulation EU document, prepared by disinformation experts in the bloc's diplomatic service.

文件沒有發現莫斯科或其他行為者曾煽動或升高抗議的證據，並將相關活動形容為「趁機利用動亂局勢」。It found no evidence that Moscow or other actors had instigated or escalated the protests, describing the activity as "the opportunistic exploitation of unrest".

俄羅斯、以色列與MAGA帳號的貼文獲得數百萬次瀏覽POSTS BY RUSSIAN, ISRAELI AND MAGA ACCOUNTS GOT MILLIONS OF VIEWS

法國外交部的評估發現，10月16日至18日，來自「親俄圈」且與這場動亂有關的10則最高瀏覽量X貼文，獲得280萬次瀏覽。The French foreign ministry's assessment found that the 10 most-viewed X posts on the unrest from "pro-Russian spheres" got 2.8 million views from October 16 to 18.

但與MAGA運動、以色列官員及網紅有關帳號所發布的騷亂相關X貼文，其瀏覽量遠高於上述數字。But those figures were dwarfed by the views achieved by X posts on the riots from accounts linked to the MAGA movement and to Israeli officials and influencers.

法國外交部報告指出，10月16日至18日，與MAGA有關的官員、媒體機構和網紅所發布、關於法國動亂的10則最高瀏覽量X貼文，獲得超過4900萬次瀏覽。The 10 most-viewed X posts on France's unrest by MAGA-linked officials, media outlets and influencers got more than 49 million views from October 16 to 18, according to the French ministry report.

這份法國報告表示，同一期間，以色列官員、政府帳號、媒體機構和網紅發布的10則最高瀏覽量貼文，獲得超過3500萬次瀏覽。The 10 most-viewed posts from Israeli officials, government accounts, media outlets and influencers got more than 35 million views in the same period, the French report said.

專家稱，這些行動是「敘事競爭」的一部分CAMPAIGNS ARE PART OF 'NARRATIVE COMPETITION', EXPERT SAYS

蘭德公司（RAND Corporation）智庫資深政治學家艾莉娜・特雷格（Elina Treyger）表示，這類行動進行的是一場緩慢發酵的「敘事競爭」，長期下來可能形塑歐洲及其他地區對西方民主國家的看法。Elina Treyger, a senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation think tank, said such campaigns wage a slow-burning "narrative competition" that over time can shape how Western democracies are seen in Europe and beyond.

特雷格表示，這些行動助長反移民反彈，並正把歐洲選民推向政治極端。Treyger said they feed an anti-immigrant backlash that is pushing European voters toward political extremes.

路透社無法獨立核實法國或歐盟報告中的說法。Reuters was not able to independently verify assertions made in either the French or the EU report.

被問及相關意見時，法國官員請路透社參考總統艾曼紐・馬克宏（Emmanuel Macron）的談話。馬克宏10月21日表示，抗議背後沒有可見的外國干預，但存在「外國對資訊的操弄」。Asked for comment, French officials referred Reuters to remarks by President Emmanuel Macron, who said on October 21 there had been no visible foreign interference behind the protests but there had been "foreign manipulation of information".

以色列總理班傑明·納坦尼雅胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）辦公室與以色列外交部未回應採訪請求。Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office and the Israeli foreign ministry did not respond to requests for comment.

歐盟指稱，「過載行動」是與俄羅斯立場一致、企圖破壞西方聲譽的行動EU CITES 'OPERATION OVERLOAD' AS RUSSIAN-ALIGNED EFFORT TO DISCREDIT WEST

歐盟報告表示，自2023年9月起活躍的「過載行動」鎖定西方「公眾人物、機構與媒體」，意在「破壞這些實體及其支持烏克蘭的聲譽，同時推廣與俄羅斯利益一致的內容」。The EU report said "Operation Overload," active since September 2023, has targeted Western "public figures, institutions, and media outlets" to "discredit these entities and their support for Ukraine while promoting content aligned with Russian interests."

報告稱，其活動「也意在削弱歐洲對烏克蘭的支持，方式是宣稱歐洲政府把烏克蘭置於國內議題之上」。Its activity "also intended to undermine European support to Ukraine by claiming that European governments prioritise Ukraine over domestic issues," the report said.

總部位於英國的智庫戰略對話研究所（Institute for Strategic Dialogue）去年在一份報告中表示，「過載行動」是「一項持續且高量的俄羅斯資訊行動。它冒充可信來源，藉此散播不和、混亂與不信任」。The Institute for Strategic Dialogue, a Britain-based think tank, said in a report last year that Operation Overload was "a persistent and high-volume Russian information operation. It impersonates trusted sources to sow discord, confusion and distrust."

該研究所表示：「這項行動製作並發布看似新聞報導的影片，利用AI複製專家的聲音，偽造報紙標題，並操弄影像。」研究所並補充說，它「會在不同國家之間轉移，以利用危機與辯論」。"The operation creates and posts videos that appear to be news reports, uses AI to clone experts’ voices, forges newspaper headlines, and manipulates images," the institute said, adding that it "pivots from country to country to exploit crises and debates."

法國假訊息監督機構Viginum於2024年發布一份關於「過載行動」及類似俄羅斯行動的詳細報告；法國官員也表示，這些行動會在抗議、選舉或其他可用來破壞法國聲譽的機會中再度浮現。France's disinformation watchdog Viginum published a detailed report on Overload and similar Russian operations in 2024 and French officials have said they resurface during protests, elections or other opportunities to discredit France.

（Antoni Slodkowski紐約、John Irish巴黎報導；Andrew Gray布魯塞爾補充報導；Hugh Lawson編輯）(Reporting by Antoni Slodkowski in New York and John Irish in Paris; Additional reporting by Andrew Gray in Brussels; Editing by Hugh Lawson)