以色列總統選定納坦雅胡對手艾森科特嘗試組閣

11月7日（路透社）——以色列總統週六選定總理班雅明・納坦雅胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）最強勁的對手加迪・艾森科特，嘗試籌組新政府。先前一場陷入僵局的選舉，使兩人都沒有明確的掌權途徑。Nov 7 (Reuters) - Israel's president on Saturday chose Gadi Eisenkot, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's strongest rival, to try to form a new government following a deadlocked election that left neither man with a clear path to power.

納坦雅胡是以色列任期最長的領導人。10月27日選舉中，他的宗教民族主義聯盟失去多數席次，但仍成為國會最大陣營；如今他正力拚保住職位。Netanyahu, Israel's longest-serving leader, is fighting to stay in office after his religious-nationalist coalition lost its majority in an October 27 election but still emerged as the largest bloc in parliament.

艾森科特曾任軍方參謀總長。他已拒絕與阿拉伯政黨結盟，儘管這些政黨的支持將讓他在國會取得過半席次。但阿拉伯領袖對納坦雅胡及其極右翼盟友被他們視為種族主義的政策感到憤怒，仍提名艾森科特率先嘗試組閣，使他獲得最多背書。Eisenkot, a former military chief, has declined to join forces with Arab parties, whose support would give him a majority of seats in parliament. But Arab leaders, incensed by what they view as the racist policies of Netanyahu and his far-right allies, still nominated Eisenkot to try to form a government first — giving him the most endorsements.

以色列總統以撒・赫佐格（Isaac Herzog）的發言人表示：「赫佐格總統已邀請加迪・艾森科特前往總統官邸，他明天將在那裡受託組建政府。」赫佐格的職務大多屬禮儀性質，包括在選後提名一名候選人籌組聯合政府。"President Herzog has invited Gadi Eisenkot to the President’s Residence, where he will be tasked with forming the government tomorrow," said the spokesperson of President Isaac Herzog, whose largely ceremonial role involves nominating a candidate to form a coalition after elections.

艾森科特在X發文寫道：「現在是組成全國緊急政府的時候。我會盡我所能，確保我們配得上這份責任。」In a post on X, Eisenkot wrote, "Now is the time to form a national emergency government. I will do everything I can to ensure we are worthy."

艾森科特組閣之路機會渺茫EISENKOT FACES LONG-SHOT BID TO FORM GOVERNMENT

艾森科特獲提名後，預料將展開數週漫長談判。他有28天時間嘗試組建政府，並可能獲得14天延長。Weeks of protracted negotiations are expected to follow Eisenkot's nomination. He has 28 days to try to forge a government, with a possible 14-day extension.

他可能的掌權途徑包括：嘗試在關鍵議題上取得阿拉伯政黨票源，組成少數政府；與他和盟友過去一直避開的極端正統派政黨組成聯盟；或與納坦雅胡組成團結政府。His potential pathways to power include trying to form a minority government with Arab party votes on key issues; forming a coalition with ultra-Orthodox parties that he and his allies have shunned in the past; or forging a unity government with Netanyahu.

分析人士表示，這三個選項都不太可能成形。如果艾森科特失敗，另一名候選人可嘗試組閣；若該候選人也失敗，國會可再提名另一人。整個程序的期限約為100天。若無人成功，就會舉行另一場選舉。Analysts say that all three options are unlikely to take shape. If Eisenkot fails, another candidate can try to form a government and if that candidate fails, parliament can nominate another. There is a deadline for the process of around 100 days. If no one succeeds, another election is held.

利庫德黨（Likud）在120席以色列國會（Knesset）中贏得27席，是單一政黨中最多；但納坦雅胡更廣泛的宗教民族主義聯盟總共只拿下53席，未達61席過半門檻。Likud won the most seats of any single party with 27 in the 120-seat Knesset, but Netanyahu's wider religious-nationalist coalition garnered only 53 in total, short of a 61-seat majority.

艾森科特的亞沙爾黨以21席成為第二大黨；而他的聯盟涵蓋4個由猶太人主導、從中間偏左到右翼的政黨，僅取得48席。代表以色列阿拉伯少數族群的兩個政黨則贏得空前的19席。Eisenkot's Yashar party emerged as the second-largest party with 21 seats, while his coalition, spanning four centre-left to right-wing Jewish-led parties, won just 48 seats. Two parties representing Israel's Arab minority won an unprecedented 19 seats.

艾森科特批評屯墾者暴力EISENKOT CRITICAL OF SETTLER VIOLENCE

66歲的艾森科特是摩洛哥移民之子，若出任總理，將成為以色列首位來自米茲拉希（Mizrahi）社群的總理。米茲拉希指的是根源可追溯至中東與北非的猶太人。A son of Moroccan immigrants, Eisenkot, 66, would be the country's first prime minister from Israel's Mizrahi community, Jews who trace their roots to the Middle East and North Africa.

艾森科特個性保守低調，不愛面對媒體，直到2022年才踏入政壇。2023年10月7日哈瑪斯（Hamas）攻擊以色列後，他曾短暫加入納坦雅胡的戰時內閣，之後又重返反對派。Reserved and media-shy, Eisenkot only entered politics in 2022. He briefly served in Netanyahu's wartime cabinet following Hamas' October 7, 2023, attack on Israel before returning to the opposition.

在反對派期間，他公開斥責納坦雅胡的領導，包括其對加薩軍事行動的管理，並誓言不會與納坦雅胡同在一個政府任職。From opposition, he publicly rebuked Netanyahu over his leadership, including his management of the military campaign in Gaza, and has sworn that he would not serve in government with him.

艾森科特的公眾形象也與他的家庭自2023年以來付出的個人代價緊密相連：他的1名兒子和2名姪子在加薩作戰時喪生。Eisenkot's public standing is also bound up with the personal price his family has paid since 2023: a son and two nephews were killed fighting in Gaza.

艾森科特在競選期間強調自己的安全資歷，提及他的「達希耶主義」（Dahiyeh doctrine），也就是以不成比例武力回應攻擊。2006年以色列在黎巴嫩與受伊朗支持的真主黨（Hezbollah）交戰時，他曾以指揮官身分運用這項主張。Eisenkot highlighted his security credentials on the campaign trail, citing his "Dahiyeh doctrine" of responding to attacks with disproportionate force, which he deployed as a commander during Israel's 2006 war with Iran-backed Hezbollah in Lebanon.

艾森科特批評屯墾者對巴勒斯坦人的暴力；這類暴力自2023年以來激增，升高以色列與西方國家關係的緊張。他也反對納坦雅胡的極右翼聯盟夥伴伊塔馬爾・班-葛維爾（Itamar Ben-Gvir）和貝札雷爾・史莫崔奇（Bezalel Smotrich）；兩人都因煽動針對巴勒斯坦人的暴力，而面臨部分西方國家的制裁。Eisenkot has criticised settler violence against Palestinians, which has surged since 2023, raising tensions in Israel’s ties with Western states, and he opposes Netanyahu's far-right coalition partners Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich, who have both faced sanctions by some Western countries for inciting violence against Palestinians.

（Enas Alashray、Menna Alaa El Din與Alexander Cornwell報導；Cynthia Osterman與Timothy Heritage編輯）(Reporting by Enas Alashray, Menna Alaa El Din and Alexander Cornwell; Editing by Cynthia Osterman and Timothy Heritage)