比利時安全團體發現，特斯拉監督式自動駕駛系統經常誤判速限

記者 Chris Kirkham、Marie MannesBy Chris Kirkham and Marie Mannes

9月24日（路透社）——一個道路安全倡議團體表示，根據其在比利時進行的測試，特斯拉（Tesla）的 FSD 自動駕駛系統經常超過速限，並試圖在禁止超車的街道上超越自行車騎士。Sept 24 (Reuters) - Tesla’s FSD automated-driving system frequently exceeded speed limits and attempted to overtake cyclists on streets where it's prohibited, a road-safety advocacy group said, citing tests it conducted in Belgium.

倡議行人與自行車騎士安全的比利時團體 Johanna.be，7月在3天內測試特斯拉系統，行駛約400公里（249英里）。該團體發現，FSD 在時速20公里與30公里速限區經常超速，並向駕駛人錯誤顯示較高的速限，可能誤導駕駛人對車輛應行駛速度的判斷。The Belgian group Johanna.be - which advocates for pedestrian and cyclist safety - tested Tesla’s system over 3 days in July, covering about 400 km (249 miles). It found that FSD often exceeded speed limits in 20 km/h and 30 km/h zones, and incorrectly displayed higher speed limits to drivers, potentially misleading them about how fast the vehicle should travel.

特斯拉的 FSD 駕駛輔助功能可執行多數駕駛任務，但要求駕駛人嚴格保持注意力。荷蘭交通局（RDW）4月核准該系統，比利時與少數其他國家隨後也跟進。歐盟全體投票可能在10月6日舉行。Tesla’s FSD driver-assistance feature can perform most driving tasks but requires drivers to pay strict attention. Dutch regulator RDW approved the system in April, with Belgium and a handful of other countries following suit. An EU-wide vote could happen on October 6.

瑞典等數個歐盟國家已對 FSD 超過速限表達疑慮，而核准該系統的國家則表示，駕駛人仍須負責遵守交通法規。Several EU countries, including Sweden, have expressed concerns about FSD exceeding speed limits, while countries that approved it say drivers remain responsible for complying with traffic laws.

特斯拉未回應路透社採訪請求。Tesla did not respond to Reuters requests for comment.

RDW 表示已收到這份報告，並會將其納入適用的監測與監督程序考量；RDW 並補充說，對車輛系統作出結論，需要「徹底評估所有相關資訊與脈絡」。RDW said it had received the report and would consider it as part of its applicable monitoring and surveillance processes, adding that conclusions about vehicle systems require "a thorough evaluation of all relevant information and context".

特斯拉本月稍早發布一項研究稱，啟用 FSD 的特斯拉車輛並未過度超速，且行駛速度與周遭車流相符。Tesla released a study earlier this month saying that FSD-enabled Teslas do not speed excessively and drive at speeds matching surrounding traffic.

「一個學習系統」'A LEARNING SYSTEM'

今年稍早核准 FSD 在比利時使用的佛蘭德政府交通部發言人澤維爾・勒塞納（Xavier Lesenne）表示，該系統是「一個會持續處理新的與額外資訊的學習系統」，並會隨時間調整。勒塞納說，駕駛人「仍須負起100%責任」，且必須準備好在「系統出錯或未能正確適用交通規則時」介入。Xavier Lesenne, spokesperson for the Flemish government’s transportation ministry, which approved FSD in Belgium earlier this year, said it is "a learning system that continuously processes new and additional information" and adapts over time. Lesenne said the driver "remains 100% responsible" and must be ready to intervene "should the system make an error or fail to correctly apply a traffic rule".

勒塞納表示，來自特斯拉的資料顯示，這項技術「如今在預防事故方面具有重大潛力」。Lesenne said data from Tesla shows the technology "holds significant potential for accident prevention today".

Johanna.be 發現，在布魯塞爾周邊受測的時速30公里路段中，FSD 在多數路段都超過速限，平均時速為44公里。Johanna.be found that FSD exceeded the limit in the majority of the tested 30 km/h road segments around Brussels, averaging 44 km/h.

即使車輛螢幕顯示系統已辨識出路邊的時速30公里速限標誌，系統仍經常顯示錯誤的時速50公里速限。Even though the vehicle's screen showed the system recognised 30 km/h speed-limit signs on the roadside, it often displayed an incorrect speed limit of 50 km/h.

報告說：「這就像有一名乘客，在駕駛人幾乎每次通過時速30公里速限區時，都不斷安撫駕駛人說速限是時速50公里。」"It is akin to a passenger constantly reassuring the driver that the speed limit is 50 km/h in nearly every 30-zone through which they pass," the report said.

該團體蒐集的影片顯示，啟用 FSD 的特斯拉試圖在禁止超車的街道上超越自行車騎士。Videos collected by the group show the FSD-enabled Tesla attempting to overtake cyclists on streets where doing so is not allowed.

歐盟運輸安全委員會（European Transport Safety Council）先前已對 FSD 能否遵守歐洲各地不同道路規則提出疑慮。The European Transport Safety Council has previously raised concerns about whether FSD can comply with differing road rules across Europe.

Johanna.be 的報告也指出該系統的正面面向，稱其「在行人與自行車騎士周邊表現謹慎且有禮，經常主動禮讓」。The Johanna.be report also noted positive aspects of the system, saying it "behaved cautiously and courteously around pedestrians and cyclists, often yielding proactively."

但這些好處「無法抵消已有紀錄顯示其未遵守速限與自行車街道規定的缺失」。But those benefits "do not offset the documented failures to comply with speed limits and cycle-street regulations."

這個非政府組織表示，已將報告送交佛蘭德政府交通部與 RDW，敦促雙方重新評估核准決定。The NGO said it sent the report to the Flemish ministry and RDW, urging both to reassess the approvals.

（Chris Kirkham 洛杉磯、Marie Mannes 斯德哥爾摩報導；Alexandra Hudson、Emelia Sithole-Matarise 編輯）(Reporting by Chris Kirkham in Los Angeles, Marie Mannes in Stockholm; Editing by Alexandra Hudson and Emelia Sithole-Matarise)