川普將向習近平提出被拘押者議題，但其他人權問題可能不會被提及

作者：Kanishka Singh、Jonathan Landay、Patricia ZengerleBy Kanishka Singh, Jonathan Landay and Patricia Zengerle

華盛頓，9月23日（路透社）——預料美國總統川普（Donald Trump）將敦促中國領導人習近平（Xi Jinping）釋放兩名遭中國拘押的美國公民，但尚不清楚其他人權議題是否會在本週峰會期間獲得同等關注。WASHINGTON, Sept 23 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump is expected to press Chinese leader Xi Jinping to free two US citizens held by China, but it is not clear whether other human-rights issues will get similar attention during this week's summit.

在上週五預告習近平此行時，一名美國官員表示，川普可能會向習近平提出在中國遭不當拘押者的個案。不過，白宮尚未說明川普是否會直接提出與西藏、維吾爾穆斯林少數族群，以及中國新「民族團結」法律相關的更廣泛人權議題。In a preview of Xi's visit last Friday, a US official said Trump is likely to bring up cases of people wrongfully detained in China with Xi. However, the White House has not said whether Trump will directly raise broader rights issues related to Tibet, the Uyghur Muslim minority group, and the country's new "ethnic unity" law.

倡議人士表示，川普已把爭取被海外拘押的美國人獲釋列為優先事項，其中包括在中國遭拘押的美國人。Trump has made winning freedom for Americans held overseas a priority, including in China, advocates say.

但這位共和黨領袖大致避免談論中國的人權紀錄；他在會晤以色列總理內塔尼亞胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）、沙烏地王儲穆罕默德・沙爾曼（Mohammed bin Salman）和印度總理莫迪（Narendra Modi）等其他世界領袖時，也未公開提出人權議題。But the Republican leader has largely avoided talking about China's rights record, and has not publicly brought up rights issues when meeting other world leaders like Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Youlin Chen 的妻子 Yufang Rong 表示，川普將要求習近平釋放 Youlin Chen 和 Min Zin。Youlin Chen 是研究北韓核試的華裔專家，自2024年底以來一直遭監禁；Min Zin 是一名6月被捕的學者。兩人都是美國公民。她說，川普5月在北京會見習近平時曾提出 Youlin Chen 的案件，但此後並無進展。Trump will ask Xi to free Youlin Chen, a Chinese-born expert on North Korean nuclear tests who has been imprisoned since late 2024, and Min Zin, a scholar arrested in June, according to Chen's wife, Yufang Rong. Both are US citizens. Trump raised Chen's case when he met Xi in Beijing in May but nothing has happened since then, she said.

人質倡議團體詹姆斯・佛利基金會（James Foley Foundation）研究主任伊莉莎白・理查茲（Elizabeth Richards）表示：「我們希望看到陳博士和 Zin 在這次會晤後返家。」"We hope to see Dr. Chen and Zin come home after this meeting," said Elizabeth Richards, research director of the James Foley Foundation, a hostage advocacy group.

人權組織和民主黨籍國會議員表示，川普也必須就中國對待藏人和維吾爾人的方式向習近平施壓，並為香港民主派示威者發聲。Human rights groups and Democratic lawmakers say Trump must also press Xi on China's treatment of Tibetans and Uyghurs and speak up for Hong Kong pro-democracy protesters.

國會民主黨人表示，川普正在淡化人權疑慮，並以交易式方式處理國際事務。Democrats in Congress say Trump is soft-pedaling human rights concerns and taking a transactional approach to international affairs.

麻薩諸塞州民主黨籍眾議員吉姆・麥高文（Jim McGovern）週三表示：「我們不能在外交政策中拋棄人權。中國的紀錄無可爭辯，而且極其惡劣。」"We cannot abandon human rights in our foreign policy," Democratic Representative Jim McGovern of Massachusetts said on Wednesday. "China's record is beyond debate and it is atrocious."

北京已釋出訊號，表明這個議題將是禁區。中國駐美大使週三警告，民主和人權是不可逾越的「紅線」。Beijing has signaled that the topic will be off limits. The country's ambassador to the US warned on Wednesday that democracy and human rights are "red lines" that cannot be crossed.

人權組織表示，中國以打擊極端主義為由拘押維吾爾人，並將他們關入再教育營。美國兩黨政府的國務卿都曾將維吾爾人所受對待定性為種族滅絕。Human rights groups say China has detained Uyghurs on the pretext of countering extremism and confined them in re-education camps. US secretaries of state from both parties have labeled the treatment of Uyghurs as genocide.

世界維吾爾代表大會（World Uyghur Congress）主席圖爾貢江・阿拉吾敦（Turgunjan Alawdun）表示：「習近平訪問華盛頓，是一個戰略時刻，應超越對維吾爾種族滅絕的口頭譴責。」"Xi's visit to Washington is a strategic moment to move beyond words of condemnation on the Uyghur genocide," World Uyghur Congress President Turgunjan Alawdun said.

中國駐美大使館未回應媒體詢問。北京表示，已設立「職業訓練中心」以遏制極端主義，並否認虐待指控。China's embassy in Washington did not respond to a request for comment. Beijing says it has established "vocational training centers" to curb extremism and denies abuse allegations.

人權組織和流亡人士也經常形容中國在西藏的統治「具壓迫性」，但北京否認這項指控。自習近平2012年成為共產黨最高領導人以來，中國對該地區加強了控制。Rights groups and exiles also routinely describe China's rule in Tibet as "oppressive," an accusation that Beijing rejects. China has exerted greater control over the region since Xi became chief of the Communist Party in 2012.

北京表示，華盛頓應停止利用「涉藏問題干涉中國內政」。Beijing says Washington should stop using "Tibet-related issues to interfere in China's internal affairs."

國際聲援西藏運動（International Campaign for Tibet）呼籲川普要求習近平與藏傳佛教精神領袖、諾貝爾和平獎得主達賴喇嘛「在無前提條件下恢復實質對話」。一名藏裔美國人7月自焚身亡後，美國國務院重申了進行此類對話的呼籲。The International Campaign for Tibet called on Trump to ask Xi "to resume substantive dialogue without preconditions" with the Dalai Lama, the spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhists and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate. The State Department reiterated calls for such dialogue when a Tibetan American died after setting himself on fire in July.

中國今年通過一項法律，要在該國55個少數民族中建立共同的國家認同；該法也包含對境外「煽動民族分裂」人士的處罰規定。China passed a law this year to create a shared national identity among the country's 55 ethnic minority groups, which includes penalties for people outside the country for "inciting ethnic separatism."

美國國務院稱這項法律有問題。自由之家（Freedom House）政策與倡議主任 Katie LaRoque 敦促川普親自譴責這項立法。The State Department calls the law problematic. Katie LaRoque, director for policy and advocacy at Freedom House, urged Trump to condemn the legislation himself.

她說：「川普總統必須清楚表明，北京的國內法對在美國領土上行使基本自由的人沒有管轄權。」"President Trump must make clear that Beijing’s domestic law has no jurisdiction over those exercising their fundamental freedoms on US soil," she said.

（Kanishka Singh、Jonathan Landay、Patricia Zengerle 採訪報導；Andy Sullivan、Alistair Bell 編輯）(Reporting by Kanishka Singh, Jonathan Landay and Patricia Zengerle; editing by Andy Sullivan and Alistair Bell)