法案顯示，美國參院民主黨人尋求就以色列屯墾區實施制裁

作者：派翠西・曾格勒（Patricia Zengerle）By Patricia Zengerle

華盛頓，9月23日（路透社）——路透社看到的一份法案副本顯示，美國參議院一群民主黨人將於週三提出立法，制裁協助以色列「E1計畫」的個人或團體。E1計畫是廣受譴責的約旦河西岸屯墾計畫，橫跨巴勒斯坦人尋求建國的土地。WASHINGTON, Sept 23 (Reuters) - A group of US Senate Democrats will introduce legislation on Wednesday to sanction individuals or groups that facilitate Israel's "E1 project," a widely condemned West Bank settlement plan cutting across land the Palestinians seek for a state, according to a copy of the legislation seen by Reuters.

這項法案的提出，是美國國會民主黨人與以色列政府之間因其處理約旦河西岸問題而摩擦升高的最新跡象；黨內許多人——以及少數共和黨人——因以色列在加薩戰爭中的行為，呼籲限制美國對以色列的軍事援助。The introduction of the bill is the latest sign of growing friction between Democrats in Congress and the Israeli government over its handling of the West Bank, with many in the party — and a few Republicans — calling for curbs on US military aid to Israel over its conduct of the war in Gaza.

美國民主黨籍國會議員近來也敦促以色列總理班傑明・納坦雅胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）約束約旦河西岸屯墾者的暴力行為，以及以色列安全部隊在這片被占領領土對巴勒斯坦人大規模逮捕的情形。US Democratic lawmakers have also recently urged Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to rein in violence by West Bank settlers and mass arrests of Palestinians by Israeli security forces in the occupied territory.

這項措施的主要提案人是德拉瓦州參議員克里斯・昆斯（Chris Coons）、麻薩諸塞州參議員伊麗莎白・華倫（Elizabeth Warren）、奧勒岡州參議員羅恩・懷登（Ron Wyden），以及亞利桑那州參議員魯本・加列戈（Ruben Gallego）。The measure's lead sponsors are Chris Coons of Delaware, Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, Ron Wyden of Oregon and Ruben Gallego of Arizona.

昆斯在聲明中表示：「當巴勒斯坦平民面臨暴力極端屯墾者帶來的破壞與恐懼行動時，美國必須發出強烈訊息，表明這種行為不可接受，並且美國仍致力於讓所有以色列人與巴勒斯坦人享有自由、安全、繁榮與自決。」"As Palestinian civilians face a campaign of devastation and fear from violent extremist settlers, the United States must send a strong message that this behavior is unacceptable and that it remains committed to freedom, security, prosperity and self-determination for all Israelis and Palestinians," Coons said in a statement.

這項法案至少有10名共同提案人，均為民主黨人。The bill has at least 10 co-sponsors, all Democrats.

期中選舉可能改變國會對以色列的立場MIDTERMS COULD SHIFT CONGRESS' ISRAEL STANCE

民主黨目前在100席參議院中僅掌握47席，但民調顯示，他們可能在11月3日期中選舉中贏得多數席次；美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）所屬的共和黨則與納坦雅胡關係密切。Democrats currently control only 47 seats in the 100-member Senate, but polls show they could win majorities in November 3 midterm elections from President Donald Trump's Republicans, who have aligned themselves closely with Netanyahu.

這項法案將對外國公司、個人或其他實體實施制裁，對象是由財政部認定曾負責或共謀在約旦河西岸E1地區興建任何以色列屯墾區或相關設施者，包括提交E1招標案投標者。The bill would impose sanctions on foreign companies, individuals or other entities that the Treasury Department determines to have been responsible for or complicit in the construction of any Israeli settlements or related structures in the E1 area of the West Bank, including by submitting a bid for E1 tenders.

法案也將制裁試圖組織、指揮、資助或協助把以色列平民遷入E1地區屯墾區的人士。It also would sanction those who attempt to organize, direct, finance or facilitate the transfer of Israeli civilians into settlements in the E1 area.

以色列財政部長史莫崔奇於2025年8月宣布批准E1計畫。該計畫將把被占領的約旦河西岸一分為二，並切斷其與東耶路撒冷的連結。Approval of the E1 project, which would bisect the occupied West Bank and cut it off from East Jerusalem, was announced in August 2025 by Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich.

對於持續數十年的以巴衝突，兩國方案構想是在東耶路撒冷、約旦河西岸與加薩建立一個巴勒斯坦國，與以色列並存。The two-state solution to the decades-old Israeli-Palestinian conflict envisages a Palestinian state in East Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza, existing side by side with Israel.

西方各國首都與倡議團體反對E1屯墾計畫，原因是擔心這可能破壞未來與巴勒斯坦人的和平協議，並降低兩國方案的可能性。Western capitals and campaign groups have opposed the E1 settlement project due to concerns that it could undermine a future peace deal with the Palestinians and diminish the chance for the two-state solution.

國際社會大多數認為，以色列在約旦河西岸的屯墾區依國際法屬非法。Most of the international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law.

以色列對此持不同看法，援引其與該地區的歷史和聖經聯繫，並稱屯墾區提供戰略縱深與安全保障。Israel disputes this, citing historical and biblical ties to the area and saying the settlements provide strategic depth and security.

國會下議院美國眾議院目前並未開議，因此即使這項法案在參議院通過——雖然可能性不高——眾議院預料也不會在期中選舉前審議。Congress's lower chamber, the US House of Representatives, is currently not in session, so even in the unlikely chance of the bill's passage in the Senate, the House would not be expected to take it up before the midterms.

（派翠西・曾格勒報導）(Reporting by Patricia Zengerle)