美國國會議員在川習會談前提案改革中國科技審查程序

大衛・謝帕德森（David Shepardson）報導By David Shepardson

華盛頓，9月23日（路透社）——在美國總統川普準備於週四會晤中國國家主席習近平之際，美國眾議院能源暨商務委員會共和黨籍主席與該委員會民主黨首席議員公布一項跨黨派法案，擬全面改革一套阻止中國技術進入美國市場的聯邦程序。WASHINGTON, Sept 23 (Reuters) - The Republican chair of the US House Energy and Commerce Committee and the panel's top Democrat unveiled bipartisan legislation to overhaul a federal process that blocks Chinese technology from entering the US market, as President Donald Trump prepares to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday.

這項法案將改寫管理美國聯邦通訊委員會（FCC）「涵蓋清單」（Covered List）的程序。該清單已成為華府以國家安全為由限制中國技術的核心工具。此舉正值美中在貿易與科技領域展開更廣泛角力之際。The bill would rewrite procedures governing the Federal Communications Commission's "Covered List," which has become a central tool in Washington's efforts to restrict Chinese technology on national security grounds. The move comes amid a broader US-China struggle over trade and technology.

這項立法由路透社率先報導，顯示國會對FCC如何運用其權限限制中國技術感到關切。The legislation, first reported by Reuters, signals congressional concern about how the FCC is using its authority to restrict Chinese technology.

眾議員布雷特・古斯瑞（Brett Guthrie）與弗蘭克・帕隆（Frank Pallone）在聯合聲明中表示，這項法案將改變產品被列入FCC涵蓋清單的方式，並要求FCC在判定外國技術是否構成不可接受的國家安全風險之前，徵詢其他政府機關意見。Representatives Brett Guthrie and Frank Pallone said in a joint statement the legislation would change how products are added to the FCC's Covered List and require the agency to seek input from other government agencies before determining whether foreign technology poses an unacceptable national security risk.

這兩名國會議員週三表示：「現行辨識並禁止惡意外國技術的程序，在許多案例中發揮了作用，但隨著科技快速進展，這套程序缺乏滿足我們長期國家安全需求所需的透明度、一致性與明確性。」“The current process for identifying and barring malicious foreign technology has worked in many cases, but lacks the transparency, consistency, and clarity needed to meet our long-term national security needs as technology rapidly advances," the lawmakers said on Wednesday.

FCC已運用涵蓋清單，禁止中國企業的新款中國無人機、機器人、路由器、電力逆變器與其他設備進入美國市場；這也一直是川普政府中國政策中最重要的部分之一。路透社上月報導，FCC可能利用該清單禁止新款中國光收發模組進口，這類模組對資料中心至關重要。The Covered List has been used by the FCC to ban new Chinese drones, robots, routers, power inverters and other equipment from Chinese companies and has been one of the most significant parts of the Trump administration's China policy. Reuters reported last month the FCC could use the list to ban imports of new models of Chinese optical transceivers that are crucial to data centers.

川普與習近平預定週四在華盛頓舉行會談。Trump and Xi are scheduled to hold talks in Washington on Thursday.

FCC主席布倫丹・卡爾（Brendan Carr）未立即對國會議員的提案發表評論。FCC Chair Brendan Carr did not immediately comment on the lawmakers' proposal.

突發性中斷SUDDEN DISRUPTIONS

這項提案也將賦予國會推翻FCC涵蓋清單認定的能力，並要求FCC在判定特定外國設備對國家安全構成不可接受風險之前，取得商務部意見。The proposal would also give Congress the ability to reverse FCC Covered List determinations and require input from the Commerce Department before determining specific foreign gear poses unacceptable risks to national security.

FCC在將任何技術列入涵蓋清單至少七天前，必須向國會報告；法案並將明確規定，FCC不必追溯審查或撤銷任何在公司或產品被列入涵蓋清單之前核發的設備授權。The FCC would be required to report to Congress at least seven days before placing any technology on its Covered List and make clear the FCC does not have to retroactively review or revoke any equipment authorization issued before a company or product was added to the Covered List.

此舉旨在為「美國消費者與企業提供穩定性，使其不會因某些技術或設備被列入FCC涵蓋清單而面臨突發性中斷」。That aims to offer "stability to American consumers and companies so that they do not face a sudden disruption by the placement of certain technology or equipment on the FCC’s covered list."

今年6月，FCC運用這項指定，禁止進口先前已獲核准、由一批中國製造商生產的設備，其中包括華為、大華、中興通訊與海康威視。In June, the FCC used the designation to ban the import of previously approved equipment from ⁠a group of Chinese manufacturers including Huawei, Dahua, ZTE and Hikvision.

FCC的行動旨在將中國設備逐出科技供應鏈，並促進美國國內製造。華盛頓美國企業研究所（American Enterprise Institute）的艾瑞克・塞耶斯（Eric Sayers）表示：「我認為說FCC已成為川普本任期內對中競爭行動的重心，並不誇張。」The FCC's actions aim to push Chinese gear out of technology supply chains and spur domestic manufacturing. "I don't think it's an exaggeration to say FCC has become the center of gravity for competitive actions towards China in this Trump term," said Eric Sayers of the American Enterprise Institute in Washington.

（大衛・謝帕德森報導；桑吉夫・米格拉尼編輯）(Reporting by David Shepardson; Editing by Sanjeev Miglani)