白宮依照法官命令，恢復CNN、MS NOW和Politico採訪權限

蘇珊・希維與海倫・科斯特報導By Susan Heavey and Helen Coster

華盛頓，9月24日（路透）——白宮週四表示，在一名聯邦法官認定美國總統唐納・川普禁止CNN、MS NOW和Politico這3家新聞機構進入白宮的做法可能違憲，並下令立即恢復其採訪權限後，白宮已恢復這些媒體記者的權限。WASHINGTON, Sept 24 (Reuters) - The White House said on Thursday it has reinstated journalists from CNN, MS NOW and Politico after a federal judge deemed US President Donald Trump's ban of the three news outlets likely unconstitutional and ordered their access immediately restored.

這項在中午恢復權限的決定，是在週四稍早混亂數小時之後作出；當時這些記者仍被阻擋，無法進入白宮園區。這促使3家新聞機構要求美國聯邦地區法官提姆・凱利立即召開聽證會；凱利已在前一晚作出裁定。The midday reinstatement came after a chaotic few hours earlier on Thursday when the journalists continued to be blocked from entering the White House grounds. That prompted the three news organizations to request an immediate hearing before US District Judge Tim Kelly, who issued his decision overnight.

凱利在處理CNN、MS NOW和Politico週一提起的訴訟時，下令暫停執行川普的禁令14天。這起新聞自由案件過去一週在法庭與白宮園區之間展開。Kelly, acting in a lawsuit brought by CNN, MS NOW and Politico on Monday, ordered a halt to Trump's ban for 14 days in a press freedom case that has played out over the past week in the courtroom and White House grounds.

凱利認定，撤銷這些記者的白宮採訪證件「可能侵犯了他們受憲法保障的正當程序權利」。Kelly found that the revocation of the White House credentials of the journalists "likely violated their constitutional due process rights."

這名由川普在2017年第一個總統任期內任命的法官，也質疑美國司法部以國家安全為由替禁令辯護的說法。他指出，川普本人曾表示，這項行動是因為總統所稱的虛假或負面報導。The judge, who Trump appointed in 2017 during his first presidential term, also raised doubts about the US Justice Department's national security arguments for justifying the ban, noting that Trump himself had said the action was due to what the president alleged was false or negative coverage.

凱利發布命令數小時後，CNN、MS NOW和Politico告訴法官，他們仍遭禁止進入，並要求召開緊急聽證會。Politico表示，該機構記者的證件遭沒收。一名MS NOW記者表示，她被擋在白宮外。CNN表示，其部分員工被拒絕進入白宮園區。Hours after Kelly issued his order, CNN, MS NOW and Politico told the judge they remained barred, and asked for the emergency hearing. Politico said its reporter's credentials were confiscated. An MS NOW reporter said she was blocked from the White House. CNN said some of its staff members were denied entry onto the grounds.

對此，白宮新聞作業主任麥卡・史托佩里奇在法庭文件中表示，白宮已於上午7時25分開始恢復受影響記者的採訪證件程序，且「白宮新聞團隊約在上午9時55分將證件送到入口閘門，供媒體成員領取」。In response, Micah Stopperich, the director of press operations at the White House, said in a court filing that the White House began the process of reinstating press badges for affected reporters at 7:25 a.m., and that the "White House press team dropped badges at the entry gate for members of the press to pick up around 9:55 a.m."

法官收到史托佩里奇的聲明後，駁回這些新聞機構召開緊急聽證會的請求，但給予它們機會，可在當天稍晚向他通報任何事實發展。After receiving Stopperich's declaration, the judge denied the request by the news organizations for an emergency hearing but gave them an opportunity to inform him of any factual developments later in the day.

川普與媒體之間迄今最尖銳的衝突，發生在這位美國總統的重要外交時刻：他在紐約出席聯合國大會，並於週四接待中國國家主席習近平。The sharpest conflict yet between Trump and the press played out during a key diplomatic moment for the US president: his appearance at the United Nations General Assembly in New York and his hosting of Chinese President Xi Jinping on Thursday.

一名熟悉白宮電視聯合採訪團情況的消息人士表示，在白宮正式恢復CNN加入聯合採訪團前，成員不會恢復採訪。本週稍早，他們已暫停聯合採訪，以聲援CNN。A source familiar with the White House television press pool said its members would not reinstate their coverage until the White House formally reinstates CNN to the pool. Earlier this week, they had suspended pooled coverage in solidarity with CNN.

週四上午，習近平抵達白宮南草坪時，現場沒有電視聯合採訪攝影機架設，FOX News、MS NOW和CNN也沒有直播兩位領袖的抵達儀式。There were no TV pool cameras set up for Xi's arrival on the White House's South Lawn on Thursday morning, and FOX News, MS NOW and CNN did not air the two leaders' arrival ceremony live.

川普在白宮歡迎習近平時，在橢圓形辦公室對攝影記者開玩笑說，中國擁有最友善的記者團。During Trump's welcome of Xi to the White House, the president made a joke to photographers in the Oval Office about the Chinese having the friendliest press corps.

CNN是組成白宮主要電視聯合採訪團的5家新聞機構之一，其他包括ABC、CBS、FOX News和NBC。它們共同分攤採訪總統的成本，輪流組織採訪，並向其他媒體提供影像。CNN is one of the five news organizations – along with ABC, CBS, FOX News and NBC – that make up the primary White House television pool. They share the costs of covering the president, take turns organizing coverage and provide footage to other outlets.

CNN原定週一採訪川普前往紐約出席聯合國大會的行程，但未能提供聯合採訪訊號。CNN had been scheduled to cover Trump's trip to New York for the General Assembly on Monday, but was not able to provide a pool feed.

國家安全疑慮NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS

川普週五在其社群媒體平台宣布這項禁令，稱這些新聞機構在報導美國總統時，「不應該能夠不斷撰寫或報導虛構內容和謊言」。川普將它們的報導描述為對美國國家安全的威脅。Trump announced the ban on Friday on his social media platform, saying those news organizations "shouldn't be able to constantly write or report FICTION and LIES when they're covering the President of the United States." Trump framed their reporting as a threat to US national security.

這3家媒體對川普及其政府其他成員提起訴訟，稱禁令違反美國憲法第一修正案對言論自由與新聞自由的保障，也侵犯了它們的正當程序權利。包括路透在內的新聞自由團體聯盟與數十家新聞機構，隨後提交法律意見書支持這3家新聞機構。The three outlets sued Trump and other members of his administration, saying the ban violated the US Constitution's First Amendment protections for free speech and a free press, as well as their due process rights. A coalition of press freedom groups and dozens of news organizations, including Reuters, later filed a legal brief supporting the three news outlets.

凱利命令川普政府立即歸還這些媒體的採訪證，並在兩週內停止執行禁令。法官駁回了政府所稱的國家安全疑慮。Kelly ordered the Trump administration to immediately return the outlets' press passes and stop enforcing the ban for two weeks. The judge rejected the administration's stated national security concerns.

凱利寫道：「紀錄中缺乏事實支持被告的主張，也就是撤銷原告的常駐通行證確實將保護國家安全，或若法院在本訴訟進行期間命令恢復其通行證，國家安全將受到危害。」"The record lacks factual support for defendants' contention that the revocation of plaintiffs' hard passes will in fact protect national security or that national security will be endangered if the court orders their passes reinstated while this litigation proceeds," Kelly wrote.

司法部在週二提交的文件中，指控這些媒體的報導威脅國家安全，並列舉有關美國飛彈庫存、川普白宮宴會廳興建工程，以及近期共和黨期中大會出席人數的報導。In a filing on Tuesday, the Justice Department accused the outlets of threatening national security with their coverage, citing stories about US missile stockpiles, construction of Trump's White House ballroom and turnout at the recent Republican midterm convention.

3家媒體的律師西奧多・布特魯斯在聲明中對法官的裁定表示歡迎，並說：「這是一項強而有力的裁定，維護了新聞自由、正當程序和法治。我們非常感謝法院迅速採取行動。」Theodore Boutrous, an attorney for the three outlets, welcomed the judge's decision in a statement, saying: "This is a strong ruling vindicating freedom of the press, due process and the rule of law. We greatly appreciate the court's swift action."

與媒體的緊張關係TENSIONS WITH THE PRESS

雖然其他總統政府也曾與媒體交鋒，但川普針對媒體的行動前所未見。他的白宮顛覆數十年傳統，拒絕許多主要新聞機構取得基本採訪權限，對記者發動人身攻擊，並對新聞機構提起多起訴訟。Although other presidential administrations have battled with the press, Trump's campaign against the media has been unprecedented. Upending decades of tradition, his White House had denied basic access to many major news organizations, launched personal attacks on journalists and filed multiple lawsuits against news organizations.

凱利作出裁定前一天，川普遭遇另一項法律挫敗。Kelly's ruling came a day after Trump experienced another legal setback.

週三，愛荷華州一名法官駁回川普2024年對《德梅因紀事報》及民調專家J・安・塞爾澤提起的訴訟。川普因一份在2024年11月美國大選前發布、顯示民主黨總統候選人賀錦麗在愛荷華州領先他的民調，控告《德梅因紀事報》、其母公司甘尼特和塞爾澤。川普指控該報及其長期合作的民調專家以欺詐方式誤導讀者。On Wednesday, an Iowa judge dismissed Trump's 2024 ‌lawsuit against the Des Moines Register newspaper and pollster J. Ann Selzer. Trump sued the Register, its parent company Gannett and Selzer ‌over a ⁠poll published ahead of the November 2024 US election that showed Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris leading him in Iowa. Trump accused the newspaper and its longtime pollster of fraudulently misleading readers.

愛荷華州地方法官史考特・比蒂在週三的裁定中表示，這項民調屬於受法律保障的言論。In his ruling Wednesday, Iowa District Judge Scott Beattie said the poll was legally protected speech.

（華盛頓蘇珊・希維與紐約海倫・科斯特報導；凱薩琳・傑克森、葛蘭・史拉特里、崔佛・亨尼卡特、戴維・摩根和傑克・昆恩補充報導；保羅・湯瑪許、Doina Chiacu、威爾・丹漢與辛西亞・奧斯特曼編輯）(Reporting by Susan Heavey in Washington and Helen Coster in New York; additional reporting by Katharine Jackson, Gram Slattery, Trevor Hunicutt, David Morgan and Jack Queen; Editing by Paul Thomasch, Doina Chiacu, Will Dunham and Cynthia Osterman)