加薩公寓大樓致命倒塌後，當局趕忙撤離受戰火損壞建築內居民

作者：尼達爾・穆格拉比（Nidal al-Mughrabi）、Mahmoud Issa、Dawoud Abu AlkasBy Nidal al-Mughrabi, Mahmoud Issa and Dawoud Abu Alkas

加薩／開羅，9月23日（路透社）——加薩官員表示，上週一棟公寓大樓致命倒塌後，當局計畫從受戰火損壞的建築物中撤離居民，但面臨重大挑戰，包括缺乏拆除設備，以及可供安置居民遷移的土地有限。GAZA/CAIRO, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Officials in Gaza say plans to evacuate people from war-damaged buildings after the deadly collapse of an apartment block last week face major challenges, including a lack of demolition equipment and limited land to relocate residents.

以色列與哈瑪斯之間主要戰事因停火而結束至今將近一年，官員表示，數以萬計的人幾乎沒有其他避難選擇，儘管當局一再警告他們應離開，仍住在以色列軍事行動期間受損的建築物內。Nearly a year since a ceasefire ended major fighting between Israel and Hamas, officials say tens of thousands of people, with few options for shelter, are living in buildings damaged during Israel's military campaign, despite repeated warnings that they should leave.

9月16日凌晨，危險情勢變得明確：加薩市里馬勒區（Al-Rimal）的薩阿達大樓（Al-Saada）倒塌，造成21人死亡。至少45名生還者從瓦礫堆中獲救。In the early hours of September 16, the danger became clear when the Al-Saada building in Gaza City's Al-Rimal neighbourhood collapsed, killing 21 people. At least 45 survivors were rescued from the rubble.

加薩官員表示，超過2,000棟建築已被列為有風險。其他受戰火損壞的建築先前也曾倒塌並造成傷亡，包括在冬季暴風雨期間。Gaza officials say more than 2,000 buildings have been classified as being at risk. Other war-damaged buildings have previously collapsed, causing casualties, including amid winter storms.

加薩市政府發言人胡斯尼・穆漢納（Husni Muhanna）說：「這些建築如今在許多地方對居民與流離失所者而言，已成了定時炸彈。」他並表示，隨著天氣將在入冬後惡化，這構成「真正的危險」。"These buildings now represent ticking time bombs for residents and displaced people in many places," said Husni Muhanna, spokesperson for the Gaza City municipality, adding that this presented a "real danger" with the weather set to deteriorate into the winter.

週日，加薩當局宣布一項緊急計畫，將從最可能倒塌的255棟建築中撤離人員，並拆除這些建築。On Sunday, Gaza authorities announced an emergency plan to evacuate people from 255 buildings most at risk of collapse and demolish them.

由埃及主導的救援機構已提出提供運輸，將撤離者送往指定收容所，哈瑪斯治理的加薩政府媒體辦公室主任伊斯梅爾・薩瓦布塔（Ismail Al-Thawabta）說。An Egyptian-led relief body had offered to provide transport to move those evacuated to designated shelters, said Ismail Al-Thawabta, head of the Hamas-run Gaza government's media office.

但他說，這項計畫面臨重大障礙，「包括一些家庭無視警告、拒絕撤離不安全建築，資金嚴重短缺，缺乏安全拆除所需的重型設備，以及可供安置流離失所者遷移的安全土地有限」。But he said the plan faced major obstacles, "including some families refusing to evacuate unsafe buildings despite the warnings, severe funding shortages, a lack of heavy equipment needed for safe demolition, and limited safe land available to relocate displaced people."

設備短缺SHORTAGE OF EQUIPMENT

加薩的大規模重建仍未展開；由美國斡旋、要求哈瑪斯解除武裝以及以色列部隊撤離的努力大致陷入停滯。逾200萬人口被限制在這塊飛地約三分之一的區域內生活，主要住在臨時帳篷，或擠在受損建築物中擁擠的房間內。以色列表示其目標是武裝分子的致命空襲仍在持續。Large-scale reconstruction in Gaza has yet to begin, with US-brokered efforts to get Hamas to disarm and Israeli forces to withdraw largely stalled. A population of more than 2 million lives confined to about a third of the enclave, mainly housed in makeshift tents or overcrowded rooms in damaged buildings. Deadly Israeli airstrikes, which Israel says target militants, have continued.

加薩多數建築遭空襲摧毀，或被以色列部隊以推土機推平，幾乎所有其他建築也都受損。Most of Gaza's buildings were destroyed by airstrikes or bulldozed by Israeli forces, and almost all others have suffered damage.

巴勒斯坦與聯合國官員將缺乏清理瓦礫的重型機具，以及重建住家所需材料和設備，歸咎於以色列對加薩的限制。Palestinian and UN officials blame Israel's restrictions on Gaza for the lack of heavy machinery to clear rubble and materials and equipment to rebuild homes.

回應媒體詢問時，以色列軍方表示，致力於將平民傷害降到最低，任何行動，包括針對「恐怖主義基礎設施」的行動，都是依據作戰必要性執行。In response to a request for comment, Israel's military said it was committed to minimising harm to civilians and that any activities, including against "terrorist infrastructure", were carried out based on operational necessity.

負責協調援助的以色列軍方機構「領土政府活動協調處」（COGAT）表示，在哈瑪斯解除武裝前，不會核准重型設備與重建材料進入。該機構稱哈瑪斯利用人道援助；巴勒斯坦武裝組織哈瑪斯否認此事。COGAT, the Israeli military agency that coordinates aid, said entry of heavy equipment and reconstruction materials would not be authorised until Hamas disarmed. It said Hamas exploited humanitarian aid, something the Palestinian militant group denies.

聯合國開發計畫署（United Nations Development Programme）加薩辦公室主任亞歷山德羅・姆拉基奇（Alessandro Mrakic）表示，設備短缺意味著薩阿達大樓倒塌時，人們不得不徒手在瓦礫中挖掘；此外，為維持加薩境內現有機具運作，也需要油料與零件。Alessandro Mrakic, head of the United Nations Development Programme office in Gaza, said a shortage of equipment meant people had to dig through the rubble with their hands when the Al-Saada building collapsed, and that oil and spare parts were needed to keep the machinery already in Gaza in service.

他估計，有倒塌風險的建築數量為400棟。他說：「我們知道這些建築會倒塌，尤其是現在冬天即將來臨。我們正在與時間賽跑。」He estimated the number of buildings at risk of collapse at 400. "We know that these buildings will collapse, especially now with the upcoming winter," he said. "We are running against time."

居民說他們無處可去RESIDENTS SAY THEY HAVE NOWHERE ELSE TO GO

薩阿達大樓所在區域，曾在2023年10月7日哈瑪斯主導攻擊以色列、引發以色列對加薩發動攻勢後兩天，遭以色列轟炸。以色列發動猛烈空襲，隨後展開地面行動；以方稱，這些行動旨在摧毀哈瑪斯及其地下隧道網絡。The Al-Saada building was in an area that was hit by Israeli bombardment two days after a Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, triggered Israel's offensive in Gaza. Israel launched heavy airstrikes followed by a ground campaign which it said were aimed at destroying Hamas and its underground network of tunnels.

加薩工程師協會會長穆罕默德・阿拉法（Mohammad Arafa）表示，根據同業工程師過去一年對薩阿達大樓檢查所作評估，該樓倒塌是因為轟炸損壞了支撐地基的數根水泥柱，導致結構脆弱。Mohammad Arafa, head of the Gaza Engineers Association, said that based on assessments by fellow engineers who inspected the Al-Saada building over the past year, its collapse resulted from structural weakness after bombardment damaged several concrete pillars supporting its foundations.

但費莉亞爾・阿布・加內姆（Feryal Abu Ghanem）說，人們因為無處可去，才會在那裡棲身。她的媳婦在大樓倒塌時正與家人住在那裡，並在罹難者之列。But people had sheltered there because they had nowhere else to go, said Feryal Abu Ghanem, whose daughter-in-law was staying with her family when the building collapsed and was among those killed.

住在附近另一棟受損建築內的流離失所者巴薩姆・納西爾（Bassam Naseer）說，他擔心同樣的事會在那裡發生。他說：「沒有人照顧我們。情況非常艱難。」Bassam Naseer, a displaced man living in another damaged building nearby, said he feared the same thing would happen there. "No one is looking after us. The conditions are very difficult," he said.

薩阿達大樓倒塌後，以色列國防軍（Israel Defense Forces）在社群媒體貼文中表示，戰爭期間並未攻擊該大樓。對於居民稱以軍曾攻擊該大樓，以及該大樓是否因周邊區域遭空襲而受損的問題，以色列國防軍沒有回應。After the Al-Saada's collapse, the Israel Defense Forces said in a social media post that it had not struck the building during the war. It did not respond to questions about residents saying it had struck the building, or about whether the building had been damaged by strikes on the surrounding area.

艾雅德・阿札姆（Eyad Azzam）在薩阿達大樓倒塌中失去懷孕的妻子與3歲兒子。他用手機展示一段影片，畫面中他的另一個兒子阿布德・拉赫曼（Abdel-Rahman）在獲救前受困於大樓殘骸中。Eyad Azzam, who lost his pregnant wife and a 3-year-old son in the Al-Saada building's collapse, showed a video on his mobile phone of another son, Abdel-Rahman, trapped in the wreckage of the building before he was pulled to safety.

父親說，7歲的阿布德・拉赫曼曾伸手朝向母親，希望保護她免於落石砸傷。「他伸出手，掉下來的不是石頭，而是整片天花板。」Abdel-Rahman, 7, had reached towards his mother, hoping to protect her from fallen rock, his father said. "He put out his hand and it wasn't a rock that had fallen, it was the entire ceiling."

阿札姆說，由於沒有其他選擇，人們仍繼續住在受損的天花板或柱子下方。People continued to live under damaged ceilings or columns for lack of other options, Azzam said.

他說：「現在人們說：『這裡住起來很危險。』但我要去哪裡？就連街上也沒有地方。」"Today people say, 'This is a dangerous place to live in.' But where shall I go?" he said. "Even in the street there's no place."

（尼達爾・穆格拉比、Mohammad Salem、Dawoud Abu Alkas、Mahmoud Issa報導；Steve Scheer補充報導；Aidan Lewis編輯）(Reporting by Nidal al-Mughrabi, Mohammad Salem, Dawoud Abu Alkas and Mahmoud Issa; Additional reporting by Steve Scheer; Editing by Aidan Lewis)