獨家：歐盟機構稱，歐洲須在防務努力上「果斷改變」以因應俄羅斯威脅

作者：莉莉・拜爾（Lili Bayer）By Lili Bayer

路透布魯塞爾9月24日電——路透社取得的一份歐盟報告摘要顯示，歐洲聯盟目前重整軍備的速度與成效，都不足以達成2030年前做好抵禦俄羅斯準備的目標。這份報告是為歐盟領袖準備。BRUSSELS, Sept 24 (Reuters) - The European Union is not rearming quickly or effectively enough to meet its goal of being ready to defend against Russia by 2030, according to the executive summary of an EU report prepared for the bloc's leaders and seen by Reuters.

歐洲防衛署（European Defence Agency）在首份年度《防衛準備報告》（Defence Readiness Report）中表示，歐盟成員國目前的計畫「似乎無法達成」填補防空與飛彈防禦、地面作戰、海軍力量、彈藥庫存與無人機等領域缺口的目標。EU members' current plans "do not seem to meet" the goal of filling gaps in areas such as air and missile defence, ground combat, naval forces, munition stockpiles and drones, the European Defence Agency said in its first annual Defence Readiness Report.

這個歐盟機構寫道：「面對充滿競爭且持續惡化的安全環境，以及俄羅斯侵略行動構成的威脅，要在2030年前達到防衛準備，就必須比目前走得更遠，並大幅加快腳步。」“Tackling the challenges of a contested and deteriorating security environment and the threat posed by Russia’s aggression requires moving further and substantially faster than now to reach defence readiness by 2030,” the EU agency wrote.

成就前所未有，但「仍不夠」ACHIEVEMENTS UNPRECEDENTED BUT 'NOT YET ENOUGH'

歐盟27國領袖去年下令撰寫這份報告，以評估他們推動強化歐洲防衛的進展。這反映出俄羅斯對烏克蘭發動戰爭所引發的疑慮，以及美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）要求歐洲為自身安全承擔更多責任的呼聲。Leaders from the EU’s 27 countries ordered the report last year to assess progress in their drive to ramp up Europe's defences, reflecting fears fuelled by Russia’s war in Ukraine and calls by US President Donald Trump for Europe to do more for its own security.

川普也曾威脅要退出北約這個數十年來作為歐洲安全基石的聯盟，不過他在7月安卡拉峰會上重新承諾遵守北約的共同防衛條款。Trump has also threatened to withdraw from the NATO alliance that has been the bedrock of European security for decades, although he recommitted to its mutual defence clause at a summit in Ankara in July.

俄羅斯否認有任何攻擊歐盟成員國的意圖，並指責歐洲各國領袖散播恐慌。但歐盟領袖駁斥莫斯科的說法，指出俄方在2022年入侵烏克蘭前也曾發表類似言論。Russia has denied it has any intention of attacking an EU member and accused the continent's leaders of fearmongering. But EU leaders have dismissed Moscow's assertions, pointing out it made similar comments before its 2022 invasion of Ukraine.

在如此不確定的國際背景下，歐盟領袖去年為自身設定目標，要讓歐洲在2030年前做好自我防衛準備。Against such an uncertain international backdrop, EU leaders last year set themselves the goal of making Europe ready to defend itself by 2030.

歐盟國防部長預計週一在布魯塞爾討論防衛署的報告，之後這份報告將提交歐盟領袖。EU defence ministers are expected to discuss the defence agency's report in Brussels on Monday and it will then go to the bloc's leaders.

路透社取得的摘要指出：「首份年度《防衛準備報告》顯示，在深化夥伴關係——尤其是與烏克蘭的夥伴關係——支持下，支出、能力發展與產業準備方面都有進展。」“The first Annual Defence Readiness Report shows progress in spending, capability development, and industrial readiness, supported by deepened partnerships, notably with Ukraine,” the summary seen by Reuters said.

「然而，目前的動能與增加的投資，尚未轉化為足夠可部署、可持續運作且具互通性的部隊，關鍵能力缺口也仍然存在。迄今取得的成果雖然前所未有，但仍然不夠。」“However, the current momentum and increased investment do not yet translate into sufficiently deployable, sustainable and interoperable forces, while critical capability gaps remain. What has been achieved so far, although unprecedented, is not yet enough.”

（莉莉・拜爾採訪，安德魯・葛雷（Andrew Gray）與安德魯・赫文斯（Andrew Heavens）編輯）(Reporting by Lili Bayer, editing by Andrew Gray and Andrew Heavens)