美國參議院否決民主黨主導、限制川普伊朗戰爭權力的決議

派翠西亞・曾格勒報導By Patricia Zengerle

華盛頓，9月24日（路透）——美國參議院週四以些微差距否決一項決議，該決議要求總統唐納・川普結束伊朗戰爭，或尋求國會授權。民主黨人試圖在11月期中選舉前，藉這場不得民心的衝突讓共和黨人陷入被動。WASHINGTON, Sept 24 (Reuters) - The US Senate on Thursday narrowly rejected a resolution demanding President Donald Trump end the war in Iran or seek congressional authorization, as Democrats sought to put Republicans on the defensive over the unpopular conflict before November's midterm elections.

民調顯示，川普所屬共和黨在11月3日選舉中要保住國會些微多數席次並不輕鬆；與此同時，愈來愈多共和黨人開始與這場戰爭拉開距離。這場戰爭已推升食品與燃料價格。With polls showing Trump's Republicans struggling to keep their slim congressional majorities on November 3, more of them have been edging away from the war, which has pushed up food and fuel prices.

不過，週四參議院表決結果為50票反對、49票支持，否決該決議，投票大致依循黨派立場。4名共和黨參議員投下贊成票，分別是緬因州的蘇珊・柯林斯、肯塔基州的蘭德・保羅、北卡羅來納州的湯姆・提利斯，以及阿拉斯加州的麗莎・穆考斯基。However, Thursday's Senate vote was 50-49 against the resolution, largely along party lines. Four Republicans — Senators Susan Collins of Maine, Rand Paul of Kentucky, Thom Tillis of North Carolina and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska — voted in favor.

將於明年1月離開參議院的提利斯，是唯一首次投票支持戰爭權力決議的共和黨人。面臨競爭激烈連任選戰的共和黨人，包括俄亥俄州的喬恩・哈斯特德、阿拉斯加州的丹・蘇利文、堪薩斯州的羅傑・馬歇爾、內布拉斯加州的皮特・里基茲，以及南卡羅來納州的達琳・葛瑞翰，則仍與川普站在同一陣線。Tillis, who is leaving the Senate in January, was the only Republican to vote in favor of a war powers resolution for the first time. Republicans in competitive reelection races, including Jon Husted of Ohio, Dan Sullivan of Alaska, Roger Marshall of Kansas, Pete Ricketts of Nebraska and Darline Graham of South Carolina stuck with Trump.

一名民主黨人、賓州的約翰・費特曼投票反對這項決議；該決議已於7月在眾議院通過。One Democrat, John Fetterman of Pennsylvania, voted against the resolution, which passed the House of Representatives in July.

這次表決主要具有象徵意義。川普政府並未因先前多次戰爭權力表決而改變政策。週四的表決是在川普於聯合國演說中威脅他可以「殲滅伊斯蘭共和國」兩天後舉行。The vote was largely symbolic. The Trump administration has not changed policy in response to previous war powers votes. Thursday's vote took place two days after Trump threatened that he could "annihilate the Islamic Republic" in a UN speech.

民主黨人認為，這類表決可讓共和黨人對這場愈來愈不受選民歡迎的衝突留下公開紀錄。路透／益普索本週民調顯示，僅34%受訪者表示認同對伊朗發動攻擊。Democrats see the votes as a way to put Republicans on the record on a conflict that has become increasingly unpopular with voters. Only 34% of respondents in a Reuters/Ipsos poll this week said they approved of the strikes on Iran.

自美國與以色列部隊2月28日開始轟炸伊朗以來，參議院已14度審議伊朗戰爭權力決議，其中僅2次表決通過。眾議院已舉行6次表決，其中3次支持終結衝突。The Senate has considered Iran war powers resolutions 14 times — voting in favor only twice — since US and Israeli forces began bombing Iran on February 28. The House has held six votes, with three in favor of ending the conflict.

只有一項決議同時獲得眾議院與參議院通過，但白宮無視該結果。Only one has passed both the House and Senate, and the White House ignored the result.

美國憲法規定，只有國會而非總統可以宣戰；民主黨人主張，川普未清楚說明明確戰略，可能已把國家拖入一場長期衝突。The US Constitution says that only Congress, not the president, can declare war, and Democrats have argued that Trump may have pulled the country into a long conflict by failing to spell out a clear strategy.

共和黨人則表示，川普的行動屬於他作為三軍統帥的權限範圍。Republicans say Trump's actions are within his rights as commander-in-chief.

激烈選戰中的立場轉變SHIFTS IN TIGHT RACES

不過，少數共和黨人已在戰爭議題上背離黨內立場。A small number of Republicans have, however, broken ranks on the war.

在眾議院，7名共和黨人上週與民主黨人一起投票，通過一項戰爭權力決議。7人之中有3人——愛荷華州的查克・納恩與瑪麗安妮特・米勒-米克斯，以及南卡羅來納州的南希・梅斯——首次在這項議題上投票反對黨內領袖。In the House, seven Republicans voted with Democrats to pass a war powers resolution last week. Three of the seven — Zach Nunn and Mariannette Miller-Meeks of Iowa and Nancy Mace of South Carolina — voted against party leaders on the issue for the first time.

納恩與米勒-米克斯將在11月面臨競爭激烈的連任選戰，屆時眾議院全部435席，以及參議院100席中的35席都將改選。梅斯在角逐南卡羅來納州州長失利後，並未尋求連任。Nunn and Miller-Meeks face competitive reelection races in November, when all 435 House seats and 35 of 100 Senate seats are up for grabs. Mace is not seeking reelection after a failed campaign for South Carolina's governor.

另外，2名共和黨參議院候選人週一呼籲迅速結束戰爭，這是弱勢候選人試圖與川普保持距離的最新跡象。And two Republican Senate candidates called on Monday for a swift end to the war, the latest sign that vulnerable candidates are trying to put some distance between ‌themselves and Trump.

密西根州的麥克・羅傑斯與愛荷華州的艾希莉・欣森，先前都曾支持川普有權攻擊德黑蘭。Both Mike Rogers in Michigan and Ashley Hinson in Iowa had previously backed Trump's authority to strike Tehran.

眾議院民主黨領袖、紐約州聯邦眾議員哈基姆・傑佛瑞斯暗示，共和黨人之所以呼籲結束戰爭，只是因為他們面臨艱困選戰。Representative Hakeem Jeffries of New York, the House's Democratic leader, suggested Republicans were calling for an end to the war only because they face tough races.

傑佛瑞斯週三在記者會上說：「讓我覺得有意思的是，他們當中有好幾個人正處於激烈選戰、瀕臨落敗，包括愛荷華、密西根或威斯康辛等地的人，現在全都開始說戰爭需要結束。」"It's interesting to me that several of them who are in tight races and on the verge of losing, including in places like Iowa or Michigan or Wisconsin, are all now starting to say the war needs to end," Jeffries told a news conference on Wednesday.

（派翠西亞・曾格勒報導；安迪・沙利文、大衛・葛瑞格里奧與桑吉夫・米格拉尼編輯）(Reporting by Patricia Zengerle; editing by Andy Sullivan, David Gregorio and Sanjeev Miglani)