美國新制裁導致伊朗航班停飛

費德里科・馬奇奧尼、埃曼・阿布哈西拉與提穆爾・阿扎里報導By Federico Maccioni, Eman Abouhassira and Timour Azhari

路透杜拜／利雅德9月24日電——為因應美國新制裁，伊朗航空公司週四被禁止飛往包括阿拉伯聯合大公國與阿曼在內的鄰近國家。這是美國政策轉向鎖定與伊朗往來的第三國企業後，首次出現的重大影響。DUBAI/RIYADH, Sept 24 (Reuters) - Iranian airlines were barred from neighbouring countries including the UAE and Oman on Thursday in response to new US sanctions, the first big impact of a shift in US policy to target companies in third countries that do business with Iran.

中東最大旅遊樞紐阿拉伯聯合大公國的民航總局表示，受美國新政策影響，阿聯將暫停所有伊朗航空公司的航班，直至另行通知。The General Civil Aviation Authority of the United Arab Emirates, the Middle East's biggest travel hub, said that as a result of the new US policy it was suspending all flights by Iranian airlines until further notice.

伊朗塔斯尼姆通訊社報導，飛往阿曼、喬治亞、亞塞拜然以及伊拉克首都巴格達的航班也已停飛。報導稱，當局正努力將航班改道至伊拉克另一座機場，位於什葉派穆斯林主要宗教朝聖地納傑夫。Iran's Tasnim news agency reported that flights had also been shut down to Oman, Georgia and Azerbaijan, and to the Iraqi capital Baghdad. It said authorities were working to route flights to another Iraqi airport, in Najaf, a major Shi'ite Muslim religious pilgrimage site.

華盛頓先前宣布，凡是在9月23日後與伊朗航空公司往來的全球企業，都將遭到制裁，目標是讓伊朗整個民航機隊在全球停飛。Washington had announced it would put sanctions on any global companies doing business with Iranian airlines after September 23, with the aim of grounding Iran's entire civil fleet worldwide.

波灣地區其他國家似乎也已限制航班。Other countries in the Gulf region also appeared to have restricted flights.

德黑蘭伊瑪目何梅尼機場週四列出的定期抵離航班，目的地或出發地包括阿富汗、亞美尼亞、中國、伊拉克、巴基斯坦、塔吉克與土耳其等國。但似乎沒有列出往返鄰近波灣國家的航班；長期以來，伊朗與這些國家有部分最重要的商業與旅行往來。Tehran's Imam Khomeini Airport listed scheduled arrivals and departures on Thursday to and from countries including Afghanistan, Armenia, China, Iraq, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Turkey. But no flights appeared to be listed to or from the nearby Gulf states, with which Iran has long had some of its most important business and travel ties.

伊朗暗示，執行美國要求的空中封鎖可能導致局勢升高。週三，一名伊朗高層官員威脅說，任何區域國家若遵守美國禁令，伊朗將使其機場「無法使用」。Iran has suggested that enforcement of a US-mandated air blockade would lead to potential escalation. On Wednesday, a senior Iranian official threatened to make airports "unusable" in any regional country that abides by the US ban.

另一方面，沙烏地阿拉伯當局週四表示，已攔截葉門胡塞武裝發射的6枚彈道飛彈。胡塞武裝表示，他們向沙烏地目標發射了數十枚飛彈與無人機。沙烏地阿拉伯與胡塞武裝之間升高的衝突，本月已成為更廣泛中東戰爭中的戰區。Separately on Thursday, authorities in Saudi Arabia said they had intercepted intercepted six ballistic missiles fired by Yemen's Houthi fighters. The Houthis said they had fired dozens of missiles and drones at Saudi targets. An escalating conflict between Saudi Arabia and the Houthis has emerged this month as the combat zone in the wider Middle East war.

「經濟D-Day」'ECONOMIC D-DAY'

美國與以色列對伊朗的戰爭數月來在戰場上大致陷入僵局，華盛頓因此宣布轉換策略，擴大其金融制裁的範圍，鎖定與伊朗企業往來的第三國公司。這種作法被稱為「次級制裁」。With the US-Israeli war against Iran largely stalemated for months on the battlefield, Washington has announced a shift in tactics to extend the reach of its financial sanctions by targeting companies from third countries that do business with Iranian firms, a practice known as "secondary sanctions".

川普上月稱這項新策略是「經濟D-Day」，並將其比作第二次世界大戰期間美國及其盟友對納粹控制下法國發動的攻勢。Trump referred to the new strategy last month as "economic D-Day", comparing it to the assault on Nazi-controlled France in World War Two by the United States and its allies.

若禁飛令持續，可能加深伊朗的孤立，並使該國經濟危機惡化。伊朗目前已面臨美國在海上對其港口實施封鎖。A flight ban, if sustained, could deepen Iran's isolation and worsen an economic crisis in the country, which is already facing a US blockade of its ports at sea.

「我們生活在一座露天監獄裡，」德黑蘭一名退休教師透過簡訊告訴路透社；她要求不具名。"We are living in an open-air prison," a retired teacher in Tehran told Reuters by text message on condition her name not be used.

沙烏地阿拉伯稱擊落胡塞飛彈SAUDI ARABIA SAYS IT SHOOTS DOWN HOUTHI MISSILES

川普在2月與以色列共同發動這場名為「史詩怒火行動」的戰爭，已擾亂全球能源供應，造成數千人死亡，並推升油價。The war, which Trump launched alongside Israel in February as "Operation Epic Fury", has disrupted global energy supplies, killed thousands of people and pushed up oil prices.

衝突也在伊朗擁有盟友的其他區域國家重新燃起，最初是在黎巴嫩，如今則在葉門。胡塞武裝7月宣布封鎖沙烏地阿拉伯，並於本月對一個受沙烏地支持的政府發動閃電攻勢。Conflicts have been reignited in other regional countries where Iran has allies, initially in Lebanon and now in Yemen, where the Houthis declared a blockade on Saudi Arabia in July and launched a lightning advance this month against a Saudi-backed government.

胡塞武裝本月已多次向沙烏地阿拉伯境內開火，並稱自戰事升高以來，沙烏地空軍已對葉門發動數百次空襲。The Houthis have repeatedly fired into Saudi Arabia this month, and say the Saudi air force has conducted hundreds of strikes on Yemen since fighting escalated.

沙烏地阿拉伯表示，週四已攔截6枚胡塞彈道飛彈；此前沙國已對包括聖城麥加、吉達以及沙烏地紅海主要石油港延布在內的地區發布緊急警報。Saudi Arabia said it had intercepted six Houthi ballistic missiles on Thursday, after issuing emergency alerts for areas including the holy city of Mecca, Jeddah and Yanbu, the main Saudi Red Sea oil port.

在葉門與胡塞武裝交戰的沙烏地領導聯軍在聲明中表示：「恐怖胡塞民兵任何升級行動與違規行為，都將受到堅決處置。」"Any escalation and violations by the terrorist Houthi militia will be dealt with firmly," a Saudi-led coalition fighting the Houthis in Yemen said in a statement.

胡塞武裝軍事發言人葉海亞・薩雷亞表示，該組織攻擊了與葉門接壤的吉贊省內沙烏地軍事據點，目標包括作戰室、指揮管制中心、武器庫、飛彈發射場與軍營。Houthi military spokesman Yahya Saree said the group had attacked Saudi military sites in Jazan province bordering Yemen, targeting operations rooms, command and control centres, weapons depots, missile launch sites and military camps.

受沙烏地支持、獲國際承認的葉門政府消息人士表示，政府軍已在夜間擊退胡塞武裝對通往亞丁關鍵補給路線的攻擊；亞丁是印度洋港市，也是該政府所在地。Sources in the internationally recognised, Saudi-backed Yemeni government said their forces had repelled overnight Houthi attacks on a key supply route to Aden, the Indian Ocean port city where the government is based.

胡塞武裝原本已控制包括首都沙那在內的北部地區，本月又奪取葉門整個紅海沿岸，並持續向中央山城塔伊茲附近相鄰高地，以及從亞丁出發的道路推進。The Houthis, who already controlled the north including the capital Sanaa, seized Yemen's entire Red Sea coast this month and have been pushing into adjacent highlands near the central mountain city of Taiz and the road from Aden.

胡塞武裝持續對掌控赫賈特阿卜德山口的政府軍施壓。這條陡峭蜿蜒的山道，是受困親政府部隊以及進入塔伊茲貨物的生命線。The Houthis have kept up pressure on government forces holding a steep winding mountain pass known as Hejat al-Abd, a lifeline for hemmed in pro-government forces, and for goods entering Taiz.

若奪取塔伊茲—亞丁道路部分路段，胡塞武裝可能得以收緊對塔伊茲周邊的掌控，並對政府造成另一項打擊；該政府自失去西部海岸後，一直難以重新掌握主動權。Seizing parts of the Taiz-Aden road could allow the Houthis to tighten their grip around Taiz and deal another blow to the government, which has struggled to regain the initiative since losing the western coast.

根據聯合國，最新一波戰鬥已造成700多人死亡、數千人受傷。近13萬名葉門人在國內流離失所，另有3,000多人搭船跨越紅海逃往非洲。More than 700 people have been killed and thousands wounded in the latest fighting, according to the United Nations. Nearly 130,000 Yemenis have been displaced within the country, while more than 3,000 have fled by boat across the Red Sea to Africa.

（埃曼・阿布哈西拉與費德里科・馬奇奧尼杜拜報導，提穆爾・阿扎里利雅德報導，路透社各分社補充報導；彼得・格拉夫撰稿；提摩西・赫里蒂奇編輯）(Reporting by Eman Abouhassira and Federico Maccioni in Dubai, Timour Azahari in Riyadh and Reuters bureauxWriting by Peter GraffEditing by Timothy Heritage)