川普敦促各國退出國際刑事法院，跟進者寥寥

作者：賽門・路易斯（Simon Lewis）By Simon Lewis

聯合國，9月24日（路透）——美國總統唐納・川普（Donald Trump）敦促各國立即退出國際刑事法院（International Criminal Court, ICC），稱該法院「邪惡」且是「流氓機構」；但本週聯合國大會期間，只有前稱諾魯的太平洋小島國諾埃羅（Naoero）跟進。UNITED NATIONS, Sept 24 (Reuters) - President Donald Trump urged countries to leave the International Criminal Court immediately, calling it "evil" and "a rogue institution," but only Naoero, a tiny Pacific island nation formerly known as Nauru, has followed suit during the UN General Assembly this week.

川普週二的呼籲，是美國對這座位於海牙的法院不斷升高施壓行動的高潮。華府表示，ICC對包括美國和以色列在內、未批准其創始條約《羅馬規約》的國家公民主張管轄權，已逾越其權限。Trump's appeal on Tuesday capped an escalating US campaign against the Hague-based court, which Washington says oversteps its authority by claiming jurisdiction over citizens of countries, including the United States and Israel, that have not ratified its founding treaty known as the Rome Statute.

雖然已有少數國家採取行動退出ICC，但許多政府，特別是歐洲國家，已團結起來捍衛這座位於荷蘭的法院，稱其為國際正義的基石。《羅馬規約》的締約方包括125個國家。While a handful of countries have moved to leave the ICC, many governments, particularly in Europe, have rallied to defend the Netherlands-based court as a cornerstone of international justice. Parties to the statute include 125 countries.

荷蘭首相羅布・耶滕（Rob Jetten）週四在聯合國大會發言時表示，該法院正「遭受攻擊」且面臨風險，但他沒有提到美國。Netherlands Prime Minister Rob Jetten, addressing the General Assembly on Thursday, said the court is "under attack" and at risk, without mentioning the United States.

他問道：「你怎麼可能反對起訴那些最嚴重的罪行？」他說：「我相信答案只能有一個。那就是：別碰ICC，也別碰所有其他保護國際法律秩序的機構。」這番話引來各國代表熱烈掌聲。"How can you possibly be opposed to prosecuting the very worst crimes?" he asked. "And I believe there can be only one response. To say: hands off the ICC, and all those other institutions that protect the international legal order." The remarks drew loud applause from delegates.

知情人士表示，美國已對法院人員實施金融制裁與簽證禁令；官員也已擬妥可能削弱法院運作能力的制裁措施。The US has imposed financial sanctions and visa bans on court staff, and officials have prepared sanctions that could undercut the court's ability to operate, sources familiar with the matter said.

「瓦解ICC」'DISMANTLE THE ICC'

7月，美國國務卿馬可・盧比歐（Marco Rubio）發起外交行動，主張「必要時一磚一瓦地拆除ICC」，宣稱該法院威脅到美國軍人，以及執行川普移民遣返與攻擊涉嫌販毒船隻行動的人員。In July, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio launched a diplomatic push to "dismantle the ICC — brick by brick, if necessary," claiming the court posed a threat to American service members and those carrying out Trump's deportations of migrants and strikes on alleged drug trafficking boats.

川普表示，這項行動旨在保護以色列總理班傑明・尼坦雅胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）。ICC在2024年因加薩戰爭，對尼坦雅胡、他當時的國防部長以及一名哈瑪斯軍事指揮官發出逮捕令。Trump has said the campaign is aimed at protecting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, against whom the ICC issued arrest warrants in 2024 alongside his then-defense minister and a Hamas military commander over the Gaza war.

自盧比歐宣布這項行動以來，委內瑞拉和查德已宣布計畫退出該法院。布吉納法索、馬利和尼日則在前一年宣布退出，並譴責該法院是「新殖民壓迫」的工具。Since Rubio announced the campaign, Venezuela and Chad have announced plans to withdraw from the court. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger announced their exits the previous year, denouncing the court as an instrument of "neocolonial repression."

諾埃羅總統亞定（David Adeang）週二在聯合國大會演說中表示，由於ICC「日益無關緊要」，他將正式讓國家退出《羅馬規約》。Naoero President David Adeang said in his speech to the UN General Assembly on Tuesday he would formally withdraw his country from the Rome Statute due to the ICC’s “increasing irrelevance.”

美國國務院東亞暨太平洋事務助理國務卿麥可・迪桑布雷（Michael DeSombre）在會見這個島國的外交部副部長後，在X上表示：「諾埃羅加入愈來愈多挺身捍衛主權、對抗ICC非法越權的國家行列。」"Naoero joins a growing number of nations standing up for their sovereignty against the ICC’s illegitimate overreach,” US Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Michael DeSombre said on X after meeting the island nation's deputy foreign minister.

捍衛法院DEFENDING THE COURT

歐洲聯盟力挺該法院，官員也已討論起草阻斷法規，以回應美國可能祭出的制裁。The European Union rallied behind the court and officials have discussed drawing up a blocking statute in response to the potential US sanctions.

歐盟外交政策負責人卡拉斯（Kaja Kallas）本週告訴記者，歐盟有多種選項可捍衛該法院。EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas told reporters this week the bloc had options to defend the court.

她說：「當情勢真的變得嚴峻時，我們手上有工具可以捍衛ICC；在這裡（聯合國），我們正集結各國支持ICC運作以及追究責任的部分，因為這不只是歐洲的問題，範圍遠比這更廣。」"We have the tools in our toolbox when it gets really serious, how to defend ICC, and here (at the UN) we are rallying countries behind supporting the ICC functioning and the accountability part because it's not only a European issue; it's much broader than that,” she said.

已遭美國制裁的ICC院長赤根智子（Tomoko Akane）是日本國民。日本政府稱擬議中的制裁「非常令人遺憾」，並派遣一名官員前往海牙，討論可如何支持她。Tomoko Akane, the ICC president already under US sanctions, is a Japanese national. Japan's government called the proposed sanctions "very unfortunate" and dispatched an official to The Hague to discuss how it could support her.

日本首相高市早苗（Sanae Takaichi）週二在聯合國大會演說中，提到日本支持ICC。Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi noted Japan’s support for the ICC in her address to the General Assembly on Tuesday.

高市說：「自第二次世界大戰結束以來，日本作為一個愛好和平的國家，高度重視以法治解決任何爭端。」“Since the end of the Second World War, Japan, as a peace-loving nation, has attached great importance to the rule of law in the settlement of any disputes,” Takaichi said.

國際危機組織（International Crisis Group）資深顧問布萊恩・費紐肯（Brian Finucane）表示，許多國家仍投入ICC追究責任的使命，這限制了華府對該法院行動的影響。他指出，俄羅斯總統佛拉迪米爾・普丁（Vladimir Putin）在ICC對他發出逮捕令後，也把矛頭指向ICC。Brian Finucane, a senior adviser at the International Crisis Group, said many countries remain invested in the ICC's mission of accountability, limiting the impact of Washington's campaign against the court. He noted that Russian President Vladimir Putin targeted the ICC after it issued a warrant for his arrest.

費紐肯說：「川普政府可以說已經讓自己和普丁站在同一陣線，也就是以制裁鎖定ICC人員；當然，法院若被摧毀，普丁也會受益。」“The Trump administration has managed to align itself with Putin in terms of, you know, imposing targeting ICC personnel with sanctions, and of course, Putin would also benefit from the destruction of the court,” Finucane said.

（賽門・路易斯報導；約翰・愛爾蘭、蜜雪兒・尼可斯、安東尼・斯沃德科夫斯基與安東尼・多伊奇補充報導；霍華・戈勒編輯）(Reporting by Simon Lewis; additional reporting by John Irish, Michelle Nichols, Antoni Slodkowski and Anthony Deutsch; Editing by Howard Goller)