歐盟解除俄羅斯億萬富豪制裁後面臨反彈

茱莉亞・佩恩、莉莉・拜爾及約翰・艾里希報導By Julia Payne, Lili Bayer and John Irish

布魯塞爾，9月23日（路透社）—— 歐洲聯盟週三因解除兩名俄羅斯億萬富豪的制裁而面臨愈來愈大的反彈。部分成員國表示，此舉削弱了支持烏克蘭戰爭努力的一項支柱，也傳達出歐盟會向勒索低頭的訊號。BRUSSELS, Sept 23 (Reuters) - The European Union faced a growing backlash on Wednesday for lifting sanctions on two Russian billionaires, with some of its members saying the move undermined a pillar of support for Ukraine’s war effort and that it signalled the bloc would bow to blackmail.

在法國施壓下，儘管烏克蘭一再請求，歐盟週二同意終止對俄羅斯裔烏茲別克金屬大亨阿利舍爾・烏斯馬諾夫，以及俄羅斯最大企業集團之一共同創辦人米哈伊爾・弗里德曼的資產凍結與旅行禁令。Following pressure from France and despite pleas by Ukraine, the EU agreed on Tuesday to end asset freezes and travel bans on Russian-Uzbek metals tycoon Alisher Usmanov and Mikhail Fridman, co-founder of one of Russia’s biggest conglomerates.

三名外交官告訴路透社，法國私下向夥伴國表示，亞塞拜然正利用烏斯馬諾夫的制裁案，就兩名被關押在當地的法國公民向巴黎施壓。France privately told partners that Azerbaijan was using Usmanov's sanctions case to pressure Paris over two French citizens held there, three diplomats told Reuters.

亞塞拜然總統伊利哈姆・阿利耶夫週三特赦一名因間諜罪入獄的法國公民；巴黎方面稱此舉是「人道姿態」。Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev on Wednesday pardoned a French national jailed for espionage, a move that Paris said was a "humanitarian gesture".

法國推動解除對烏斯馬諾夫的制裁，促使盧森堡要求弗里德曼也獲得同等對待。弗里德曼因資產遭凍結，已對盧森堡提出160億美元索賠。France’s push to lift sanctions on Usmanov prompted Luxembourg to demand the same treatment for Fridman, who has launched a $16-billion claim against it for freezing his assets.

「一個不得了的潘朵拉盒子」'ONE HELLUVA PANDORA'S BOX'

英國金融家、俄羅斯總統普丁反對者比爾・布勞德表示，「每一名遭制裁的俄羅斯寡頭」現在都會開始與「世界各地的小獨裁政權」合作，以取得解除制裁的籌碼。Bill Browder, a British financier and opponent of Russian President Vladimir Putin, said "every sanctioned Russian oligarch" would now start working with "tinpot dictatorships around the world" to gain leverage to get sanctions lifted.

他在X上發文說：「法國這下可真是打開了一個不得了的潘朵拉盒子。」"France just opened one helluva Pandora’s box," he posted on X.

外交官表示，其他政府覺得除了接受法國要求外，幾乎別無選擇。巴黎將此事與國家安全掛鉤，作為交換，俄羅斯相關制裁中約3000名其他個人與組織的制裁得以延長未來三年。Other governments felt they had little choice but to accept France’s demand, which Paris linked to national security, in return for the renewal of Russia-related sanctions on about 3,000 other people and organisations for the next three years, diplomats said.

多國外交官表示，他們希望較長的延長期限能防止其他國家短期內提出類似要求。法國能夠推動其要求過關，部分原因是這些制裁即將到期。Diplomats from multiple countries said they hoped the long renewal period would prevent others making a similar push any time soon. France was able to push through its demand partly because the sanctions were about to expire.

在歐盟內部，最強烈的批評之一來自波羅的海國家。拉脫維亞起初阻擋這項行動，後來同意投棄權票。Within the EU, some of the most strident criticism came from the Baltic states. Latvia initially blocked the move before agreeing to abstain.

愛沙尼亞外交部長馬爾古斯・察赫克納在紐約出席聯合國大會期間告訴路透社，這項行動在「錯誤的時機傳遞非常不好的訊號，因為俄羅斯實際上正對烏克蘭施加更大壓力」。Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna told Reuters during the UN General Assembly in New York that the move sent a “very bad signal at a wrong time, when Russia is actually putting more pressure on Ukraine”.

歐盟外交官因討論內部會議而要求匿名。他們表示，對這項行動的不滿在27國集團內部相當普遍。EU diplomats, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss internal discussions, said discontent about the move was widely shared across the 27-nation bloc.

其中一人說：「這當然不是什麼光彩時刻。」"This is certainly not a glorious moment," one said.

烏克蘭質疑歐盟行動UKRAINE QUESTIONS EU MOVE

烏克蘭總統澤倫斯基的制裁政策專員弗拉迪斯拉夫・弗拉修克表示，他發現歐盟正準備解除對這兩名億萬富豪的制裁時感到震驚。Vladyslav Vlasiuk, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy’s commissioner for sanctions policy, said he was shocked to discover the EU was moving to lift sanctions on the two billionaires.

他說：「我實在不太敢相信。我真的沒有預料到。」"I couldn't really believe it. I didn't really see it coming," he said.

他對延長三年表示歡迎，但問道：「為了這件事，把這種分量的兩個名字從名單上移除，真的值得嗎？」He welcomed the three-year rollover but asked: "Is it really worth (it) to de-list two names of this kind of magnitude?"

週三在布魯塞爾一場記者會上被問及這項行動時，歐盟外交政策發言人克里斯蒂安・維甘德強調延長制裁的決定，並表示歐盟將持續施加更多制裁。Asked about the move at a press briefing in Brussels on Wednesday, EU foreign policy spokesperson Christian Wigand underlined the renewal decision and said the bloc would keep applying more sanctions.

維甘德說：「我們已通過21套制裁方案。與此同時，我們也正在研擬新一套制裁。」"We adopted 21 packages of sanctions. And in parallel, we are also working on a new set of sanctions," Wigand said.

他說，歐盟希望加大對俄羅斯軍工複合體，以及運送石油與天然氣的「影子船隊」油輪的壓力。He said the EU wanted to increase pressure on Russia’s military industrial complex and its "shadow fleet" of tankers shipping oil and gas.

歐盟外交政策部門已提議將約1600個對象新增至制裁名單。一些外交官表示，他們希望歐盟成員國能迅速批准這些新增名單，以顯示歐盟仍致力於制裁。The EU's foreign policy arm has proposed about 1,600 additions to the sanctions list. Some diplomats voiced hope that EU member states would swiftly approve the additions, to show the bloc remained committed to sanctions.

一些外交官質疑法國推動解除烏斯馬諾夫制裁的說法。當法國官員為其立場辯護，以及被記者問到亞塞拜然案件是否才是這項行動的真正原因時，往往顯得不自在。Some diplomats questioned France’s explanations for pushing to remove sanctions on Usmanov. French officials often seemed uneasy when defending their stance and when asked by reporters whether the Azerbaijan cases were the real reason for the move.

一名歐洲高層官員表示，巴黎已失去許多可信度，這可能讓艾曼紐・馬克宏進入法國總統任期最後幾個月之際，在歐盟內部推動倡議變得更加困難。One senior European official said Paris had lost a lot of credibility, which could make it harder to push initiatives inside the EU as Emmanuel Macron enters his last few months as French president.

布魯塞爾智庫布魯蓋爾資深研究員貢特拉姆・沃爾夫表示，這項行動不會對烏克蘭戰爭造成重大影響，但傳遞出「非常負面的訊號，顯示歐盟在政治壓力下已準備好作出或多或少可疑的例外」。Guntram Wolff, a senior fellow at Brussels think tank Bruegel, said the move would not have a major impact on the war in Ukraine but sent "a very negative signal that the EU has been ready to make more or less dubious exemptions at a moment of political pressure".

（布魯塞爾茱莉亞・佩恩、莉莉・拜爾與安德魯・格雷，以及紐約約翰・艾里希報導；安德魯・格雷撰稿；提摩西・赫里蒂奇編輯）(Reporting by Julia Payne, Lili Bayer and Andrew Gray in Brussels and John Irish in New York, Writing by Andrew Gray, Editing by Timothy Heritage)