義大利國會支持梅洛尼重啟核能發電計畫

作者：Angelo AmanteBy Angelo Amante

羅馬，9月23日（路透社）—— 義大利上議院參議院（Senate）週三最終批准政府重啟核能發電的計畫；近40年前，一場公投導致義大利關閉國內核反應爐。ROME, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Italy's upper house Senate on Wednesday gave final approval to a government plan to restart nuclear power generation, almost 40 years after a referendum led to the closure of Italy's reactors.

義大利政府的目標是部署先進模組化反應爐，以協助工業減碳並強化能源安全。政府主張，技術與安全方面的進步已使1987年的反核公投結果不合時宜。The government aims to deploy advanced modular reactors to help decarbonise industry and strengthen energy security, arguing that technological and safety advances have rendered the 1987 anti-nuclear vote obsolete.

總理梅洛尼領導的右翼政府正試圖保護經濟，避免受中東衝突引發的能源價格飆升衝擊；這也讓降低對外國能源供應依賴的呼聲再起。Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's right-wing administration is seeking to shield the economy from a surge in energy prices triggered by the conflicts in the Middle East, reviving calls to reduce dependence on foreign energy supplies.

能源部長吉爾貝托・皮凱托・弗拉廷（Gilberto Pichetto Fratin）在表決後表示：「永續核能將與再生能源一道，使義大利成為安全、獨立且具競爭力的國家。」"Sustainable nuclear power, together with renewable energy sources, will make Italy a safe, independent and competitive country," Energy Minister Gilberto Pichetto Fratin said after the vote.

義大利高度仰賴能源進口，包括法國等鄰國核電廠生產的電力；但反核倡議人士主張，安全疑慮以及興建新反應爐所需的漫長時間，已超過重啟核能產業可能帶來的任何利益。Italy relies heavily on energy imports, including electricity generated by nuclear plants in neighbouring countries such as France, but anti-nuclear campaigners argue that safety concerns and the lengthy time needed to build new reactors outweigh any benefits of restarting the sector.

義大利民眾對此議題仍意見分歧。Demopolis於6月進行的一項民調發現，51%受訪者支持重啟核能發電，但多數人反對在自家附近興建核電廠。Italians remain divided on the issue. A June poll by Demopolis found that 51% supported restarting nuclear power generation, but a majority opposed the construction of a plant near their homes.

政府去年公布這項計畫時估計，若核能在義大利能源結構中占比至少達11%，到2050年可節省170億歐元（190億美元）的減碳成本。When it unveiled the plan last year, the government estimated that nuclear energy accounting for at least 11% of Italy's energy mix could save €17 billion ($19 billion) in decarbonisation costs by 2050.

義大利的國家能源與氣候計畫指出，這項占比最終可能升至22%。Italy's national energy and climate plan says the share could eventually rise to 22%.

這項法律給予政府12個月時間，通過重啟核能發電所需的施行命令。法律也訂出除役舊設施及設立獨立監管機關的相關規定。The law gives the government 12 months to adopt the implementing decrees needed to relaunch nuclear power production. It also sets out provisions for decommissioning old facilities and establishing an independent regulator.

中間偏左反對黨大多反對這項措施，並敦促政府不要為新反應爐增劃額外土地。Centre-left opposition parties largely opposed the measure and urged the government not to allocate additional land for new reactors.

五星運動（Five Star Movement）參議員艾蓮娜・西羅尼（Elena Sironi）表示：「任何新電廠都應主要設在已開發、退化，或受已除役工業活動影響的區域，不應消耗額外土地。」"Any new plants should be located primarily in areas that are already developed, degraded or affected by decommissioned industrial activities, without consuming additional land," said Five Star Movement senator Elena Sironi.

（1美元 = 0.8767歐元）($1 = 0.8767 euros)

（Angelo Amante報導；Alexandra Hudson編輯）(Reporting by Angelo AmanteEditing by Alexandra Hudson)