胡塞武裝加強攻擊之際，盟友一致支持沙烏地阿拉伯

提穆爾・阿扎里與哈特姆・馬赫報導By Timour Azhari and Hatem Maher

利雅德／開羅，9月25日（路透社）——沙烏地阿拉伯、土耳其與巴基斯坦將依據共同防務協定舉行緊急高層會議，討論在葉門親伊朗胡塞武裝發動攻擊之際，支援沙國的方式；與此同時，德黑蘭試圖與其胡塞盟友的快速推進保持距離。RIYADH/CAIRO, Sept 25 (Reuters) - Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan will hold an urgent, high-level meeting under a joint defence pact to discuss ways to support the kingdom amid attacks by Yemen's Iran-aligned Houthis, while Tehran sought to distance itself from the rapid advance of its Houthi allies.

這場更廣泛的中東戰爭始於美國與以色列2月對伊朗發動攻擊。作為戰事的一部分，胡塞武裝已對沙國支持的葉門政府發動打擊，並多次向沙烏地阿拉伯境內開火，干擾這個全球最大能源出口國的石油流動。The Houthis have launched strikes on the Saudi-backed government in Yemen and repeatedly fired into Saudi Arabia, disrupting oil flows from the world's largest energy exporter, as part of a wider Middle East war that began with US and Israeli strikes on Iran in February.

胡塞武裝表示，他們週四向沙國目標發射數十枚飛彈與無人機；沙烏地阿拉伯當局則表示，已攔截胡塞戰士發射的6枚彈道飛彈。The Houthis said they had fired dozens of missiles and drones at Saudi targets on Thursday, while authorities in Saudi Arabia said they had intercepted six ballistic missiles fired by Houthi fighters.

沙烏地阿拉伯稍早已對包括聖城麥加、吉達和延布在內的地區發布緊急警報；延布是沙國在紅海的主要石油港口。Saudi Arabia earlier had issued emergency alerts for areas including the holy city of Mecca, Jeddah and Yanbu, the main Saudi Red Sea oil port.

沙烏地阿拉伯最高宗教權威呼籲沙國士兵準備好犧牲性命，與胡塞武裝作戰直到該組織被趕下台；沙國國家通訊社發布的一份聲明這樣表示。Saudi Arabia's top religious authority called on soldiers in the kingdom to be ready to lay down their lives to fight the Houthis until the group is ousted from power, a statement posted on the Saudi state news agency said.

沙烏地阿拉伯外交部聲明指出，在戰事持續之際，沙國、巴基斯坦與土耳其外長在《麥加共同防務協議》架構內舉行會晤。聲明稱，三國外長譴責針對麥加和其他平民地點的攻擊，同時確認沙烏地阿拉伯有自衛權。Amid the fighting, the Saudi, Pakistani and Turkish foreign ministers met within the framework of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, according to a Saudi foreign ministry statement. They condemned the attacks targeting Mecca and other civilian sites, while affirming Saudi Arabia's right to defend itself, the statement said.

聲明說：「各國外長也討論安排三國參謀總長舉行緊急會議，討論依據《麥加共同防務協議》支援沙烏地阿拉伯的方式；該協議規定，對任一方的攻擊即構成對所有締約方的攻擊。」"The ministers also discussed arrangements for holding an urgent meeting of the chiefs of staff of the three countries to discuss ways to support Saudi Arabia under the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, which stipulates that an attack against any one of the parties constitutes an attack against all parties," the statement said.

這場會議宣布前不久，伊朗總統馬蘇德・裴澤斯基安週四在接受美國電視訪問時，試圖讓伊朗與胡塞武裝切割。The meeting was announced shortly after Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian sought to distance Iran from the Houthis in an American television interview on Thursday.

裴澤斯基安在紐約出席聯合國大會後一天，接受福斯新聞節目《布瑞特・拜爾特別報導》訪問時表示：「胡塞武裝必須為自己的行動負責。」"The Houthis are responsible for their own actions," Pezeshkian told the Fox News program "Special Report with Bret Baier" a day after he appeared before the UN General Assembly in New York.

裴澤斯基安受訪與演說之際，美國與伊朗之間戰鬥暫停，各方並在紐約短暫嘗試外交接觸，由卡達在交戰各方之間擔任中間人。The Pezeshkian interview and speech took place amid a pause in fighting between the US and Iran and a brief attempt at diplomacy in New York, with Qatar serving as intermediary between the warring parties.

伊朗外交部長阿巴斯・阿拉奇週四告訴記者，德黑蘭已透過中間人向美國轉達一項提案；若德黑蘭提出的條件獲得滿足，荷姆茲海峽將重新開放。Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi told reporters on Thursday that Tehran had conveyed a proposal to the United States via intermediaries under which the Strait of Hormuz would be reopened if Tehran’s conditions were met.

他表示，根據伊朗的提案，包括黎巴嫩在內的所有戰線將在7天內停止敵對行動。美國則將解除對伊朗港口的封鎖、釋放伊朗遭凍結資金，並豁免對伊朗的石油制裁。Under Iran’s proposal, hostilities would end on all fronts, including Lebanon, within seven days. The United States would lift its blockade on Iranian ports, release Iran’s frozen funds and waive its oil sanctions, he said.

阿拉奇說：「荷姆茲海峽將在最後一天重新開放。」他並補充，屆時將開始與美國就其他議題展開談判，包括伊朗核問題。“The Strait of Hormuz will be reopened on the last day,” Araqchi said, adding that talks with the United States on other issues, including Iran’s nuclear issue, would then start.

一名伊朗高階官員週三告訴路透社，德黑蘭正在審視華盛頓對其和平提案的回應。A senior Iranian official told Reuters on Wednesday that Tehran was reviewing Washington's response to its peace proposals.

這場由美國總統川普2月與以色列共同發動的戰爭，已造成數千人死亡，並擾亂全球能源供應，推升油價。The war, which US President Donald Trump launched alongside Israel in February, has killed thousands of people and disrupted global energy supplies, pushing up oil prices.

儘管美國與伊朗大致已停止直接交戰，伊朗盟友仍在區域內投入戰事，其中真主黨在黎巴嫩與以色列對峙，胡塞武裝則在葉門推進。While the US and Iran have largely stood down from direct combat, Iranian allies are engaged in the region with Hezbollah confronting Israel in Lebanon and the Houthis advancing in Yemen.

伊朗及其盟友已對美國盟邦沙烏地阿拉伯的石油出口造成重大壓力。胡塞武裝擾亂紅海入口處的船舶交通，伊朗則已實質限制荷姆茲海峽的油輪通行；在戰爭開始前，全球20%的石油出口經由該海峽運輸。伊拉克境內受伊朗支持的民兵發動的一次攻擊，也曾使沙烏地阿拉伯「東西輸油管」暫時停擺。Iran and its allies have significantly pressured oil exports from Saudi Arabia, a US ally. The Houthis have disrupted ship traffic at the mouth of the Red Sea while Iran has effectively limited tanker traffic at the Strait of Hormuz, the conduit for 20% of the world's oil exports before the start of the war. An attack by Iranian-backed militias in Iraq also temporarily knocked Saudi Arabia's East-West Pipeline out of service.

安全專家一直在討論，伊朗究竟在多大程度上直接影響胡塞武裝。胡塞武裝是一個什葉派伊斯蘭主義運動，從地方叛亂勢力演變為控制葉門北部大部分地區的強大武裝組織。Security experts have debated exactly how much Iran directly influences the Houthis, a Shi'ite Islamist movement that evolved from a local insurgency into a powerful armed group controlling much of northern Yemen.

不過，葉門政府、伊朗和區域消息人士表示，胡塞武裝沿葉門紅海沿岸向南推進，是在伊朗伊斯蘭革命衛隊直接指導下完成的。However, Yemeni government, Iranian and ‌regional sources have said the Houthis' advance down Yemen's Red Sea coast was carried out with direct guidance from Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

美國與以色列對伊朗的戰爭數月來在戰場上大致陷入僵局，華府已宣布轉變戰術，將金融制裁的範圍擴大到鎖定與伊朗企業往來的第三國公司；這種做法稱為「次級制裁」。With the US-Israeli war against Iran largely stalemated for months on the battlefield, Washington has announced a shift in tactics to extend the reach of its financial sanctions by targeting companies from third countries that do business with Iranian firms, a practice known as "secondary sanctions".

因應美國新的制裁，阿拉伯聯合大公國和阿曼等鄰國週四禁止伊朗航空公司進入。這是美國政策轉向鎖定與伊朗有業務往來的第三國公司後，首次出現的重大影響。Iranian airlines were barred from neighbouring countries including the UAE and Oman on Thursday in response to new US sanctions, the first big impact of a shift in US policy to target companies in third countries that do business with Iran.

若禁航持續，可能加深伊朗的孤立，並使該國經濟危機惡化；伊朗已面臨美國在海上封鎖其港口。A flight ban, if sustained, could deepen Iran's isolation and worsen an economic crisis in the country, which is already facing a US blockade of its ports at sea.

德黑蘭一名退休教師透過簡訊告訴路透社：「我們生活在一座露天監獄裡。」她要求不要使用姓名。"We are living in an open-air prison," a retired teacher in Tehran told Reuters by text message on condition her name not be used.

（利雅德提穆爾・阿扎里、開羅哈特姆・馬赫與華盛頓卡尼什卡・辛格報導；丹尼爾・特羅塔撰稿；林肯・費斯特編輯。）(Reporting by Timour Azhari in Riyadh, Hatem Maher in Cairo and Kanishka Singh in Washington; Writing by Daniel Trotta; editing by Lincoln Feast.)