受到極右翼對手夾擊，義大利梅洛尼收緊外籍學生規定

安傑洛・阿曼特報導By Angelo Amante

羅馬，9月24日（路透社）——義大利右翼政府週四通過規定，限制學校外籍學生人數並禁止遮面。反對者表示，此舉是為了在明年選舉前，抗衡一個極右翼對手政黨日益增長的吸引力。ROME, Sept 24 (Reuters) - Italy's right-wing government on Thursday passed rules to limit the number of foreign pupils at school and ban face coverings, a move opponents said was designed to counter the growing appeal of a rival far-right party ahead of elections due next year.

義大利總理喬治亞・梅洛尼（Giorgia Meloni）正面臨國民未來黨（National Future）崛起帶來的挑戰。該黨由前陸軍將領羅貝托・范納奇（Roberto Vannacci）於2月創立，民調支持率已達約8%；同時，調查顯示她領導的聯盟落後於中間偏左陣營。Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni is grappling with the rise of National Future, a party founded in February by former army general Roberto Vannacci and already polling at around 8%, while surveys show her coalition trailing the centre-left bloc.

國民未來黨把學校作為其倡議「再遷徙」（remigration）競選活動的核心戰場，主張將外國人遣返回其原籍國，並宣稱教室中的伊斯蘭「污染」損害國家認同。National Future has made schools a central battleground in its campaign advocating "remigration" - the deportation of foreigners to their countries of origin - and has argued that Islamic "contamination" in classrooms harms national identity.

根據法令草案，自2027至2028學年起，小學班級中非義大利籍且非在義大利出生，或在義大利就讀幼兒園未滿兩年的學生，比例上限將為30%。From the 2027-28 school year, a 30% cap will apply in primary school classrooms to pupils who are not Italian nationals and were not born in Italy, or who have attended fewer than two years of nursery school in the country, according to a draft decree.

該法令也規定，任何人若遮面進入校園，最高可處1,000歐元（1,137美元）罰鍰。執政聯盟成員將遮面形容為伊斯蘭主義壓迫的象徵，也是不尊重女性尊嚴的表現。The decree also imposes fines of up to €1,000 ($1,137) on anyone entering school premises wearing face coverings, which members of the ruling coalition describe as symbols of Islamist oppression and a lack of respect for women's dignity.

梅洛尼在內閣批准這些措施後於X發文表示：「這些是符合常識的措施，不會分化人民，而是有助於促進真正的融合。」"These are common-sense measures that do not divide people, but help foster genuine integration," Meloni posted on X after cabinet approved the measures.

為家長開設義大利語課程ITALIAN COURSES FOR PARENTS

她週日在其所屬義大利兄弟黨（Brothers of Italy）青年翼的一場集會上，首次公布這些計畫；她當時也表示，不會說義大利語的孩童，其家長將被要求參加語言課程。She first unveiled the plans on Sunday at a rally of the youth wing of her Brothers of Italy party, where she also said parents of children who do not speak Italian would be required to attend language courses.

梅洛尼上週也宣布，將部分撤回不受歡迎的道路稅；這似乎是她在2027年選舉前，為執政聯盟凝聚支持的更廣泛行動之一。In what appeared to be a part of a broader push to rally support for the coalition ahead of a 2027 election, Meloni last week also announced a partial rollback of the unpopular road tax.

學校相關措施已引發校長們憂慮；他們表示，在移民人口眾多的地區，特別是義大利北部，這些措施將難以執行。The schools measures have sparked concern among principals, who say they will be difficult to enforce in areas with large immigrant populations, particularly in northern Italy.

草案指出，如果需求超過30%上限，教育主管機關將必須在附近學校之間重新分配學生，並考量家庭需求與受教權；但草案未具體說明實務上將如何執行。If demand exceeds the 30% cap, education authorities will have to redistribute pupils among nearby schools, taking into account family needs and access to education, the draft said, without specifying how that would be done in practice.

必須簽署該法令的義大利總統塞爾焦・馬塔雷拉（Sergio Mattarella）本週示意，他對任何為教育設下障礙的做法抱持戒心。President Sergio Mattarella, who has to sign off on the decree, flagged this week that he is wary of any barriers being placed on education.

根據智庫ISMU基金會（ISMU Foundation）資料，約90萬名外籍學生就讀義大利學校，占學生總數11.6%。其中約43%來自其他歐洲國家，32%有非洲背景。According to think tank ISMU Foundation, around 900,000 foreign students attend Italian schools, accounting for 11.6% of the total student population. About 43% come from other European countries, while 32% have African backgrounds.

反對派政治人物指責梅洛尼將文化戰政治置於學生與學校利益之上。Opposition politicians accused Meloni of prioritising culture-war politics over the interests of students and schools.

中間偏左民主黨（Democratic Party）黨魁艾莉・施萊因（Elly Schlein）表示：「這是一項可恥的法令，企圖用新的意識形態旗幟，掩蓋政府無力解決公立學校體系真正問題的事實。」"It is a shameful decree that seeks to hide the government's inability to address the real problems of the public school system behind a new ideological banner," said Elly Schlein, the leader of the centre-left Democratic Party.

移民在義大利是政治敏感議題，但移民占總人口比例仍低於若干歐洲同儕國家。Rockwool Foundation資料顯示，義大利2025年移民占比約為12%，相較之下德國為21%、西班牙為19%。Immigration is politically sensitive in Italy, but the share of immigrants in the population remains lower than in several European peers, standing at about 12% in 2025, compared with 21% in Germany and 19% in Spain, Rockwool Foundation data shows.

（1美元 = 0.8793歐元）($1 = 0.8793 euros)

（安傑洛・阿曼特報導；安娜・烏拉斯製圖；克里斯皮安・鮑默與蓋文・瓊斯編輯）(Reporting by Angelo Amante; Graphics by Anna Uras; Editing by Crispian Balmer and Gavin Jones)